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1
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2
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- ENSO is the largest interannual
(year-to-year) climate variation signal in the coupled atmosphere-ocean
system that has profound impacts on global climate.
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3
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4
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5
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6
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7
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- El Nino and La Nina tends to appear in cycle, with one follows the
other.
- è The ENSO
Cycle.
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8
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9
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10
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11
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12
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13
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14
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15
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16
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17
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18
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19
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20
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- The delayed oscillator suggested that oceanic Rossby and Kevin waves
forced by atmospheric wind stress in the central Pacific provide the
phase-transition mechanism (I.e. memory) for the ENSO cycle.
- The propagation and reflection of waves, together with local air-sea
coupling, determine the period of
the cycle.
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21
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22
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- Based on the delayed oscillator theory of ENSO, the ocean basin has to
be big enough to produce the “delayed” from ocean wave propagation and
reflection.
- It can be shown that only the Pacific Ocean is “big” (wide) enough to
produce such delayed for the ENSO cycle.
- It is generally believed that the Atlantic Ocean may produce ENSO-like
oscillation if external forcing are applied to the Atlantic Ocean.
- Although the Indian Ocean is considered too small to produce ENSO.
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23
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24
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25
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26
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Notes
