Jin-Yi Yu: Cherry. When you look at your screen. Are you the one on the
Jin-Yi Yu: On the meat on the center of the
Jin-Yi Yu: Room.
Jerry Lin: Sorry, I was your question.
Jin-Yi Yu: Oh, good. Oh, good. Oh, you look at your room scream.
Jin-Yi Yu: Or, you know, one in the middle of the
Jerry Lin: On the far left for my screen.
Jin-Yi Yu: Or ready
Jin-Yi Yu: I'm ice cream you already
Jin-Yi Yu: You only meet you. Are you have the pickiest appearance.
Jin-Yi Yu: On my screen. I'm wondering why
Ved Bhoot: I think you might be able to change the view. If you look at the top right.
Ved Bhoot: Of the of the screen. There's
Ved Bhoot: A button.
Ved Bhoot: That says view.
Jin-Yi Yu: Okay, kind of
Jin-Yi Yu: Fancy.
Jin-Yi Yu: I'm not showing at a meeting yesterday and
Jin-Yi Yu: For some reason, a change to a
Jin-Yi Yu: Different view.
Jin-Yi Yu: Okay, so let's wait for more minutes.
Lucas Santos: Professor
Lucas Santos: Oh, he just responded, but the final exam is December 5 right
Jin-Yi Yu: Last, last Tuesday I already mentioned, I'm gonna make it open book.
Jin-Yi Yu: And then you can take it.
Jin-Yi Yu: During the period of a couple days, a few days of Monday to Wednesday and you want. He went to Canvas and took the exam for certain period that duration and it's not a certain day
Jin-Yi Yu: Or issue that on
Jin-Yi Yu: On Tuesday.
Lucas Santos: Thank you.
Juan Tolento: Would you be able to just some the
Juan Tolento: Information out in an email.
Yeah.
Jin-Yi Yu: It.
Jin-Yi Yu: Was more one more tighter than a
Juan Tolento: You think a remote sensing classes running a little bit leads. That's why we might have some people
Jin-Yi Yu: Also, there was the remote sensing class was right before
Jin-Yi Yu: This class.
Juan Tolento: Yeah. Then there were having some
Jin-Yi Yu: connection issues.
Jin-Yi Yu: Okay. Yeah. Thank you.
Jin-Yi Yu: Okay, let's see how many we have left still 15 okay go ahead at the left
Jin-Yi Yu: Four minutes
Jin-Yi Yu: Past 11 okay um so first the
Jin-Yi Yu: First I mentioned the final first. It is open book. So, and then the
Jin-Yi Yu: Second is originally hours going to have the multiple choice and the three simple question problem. So now it set up the makeup completely multiple choice or Chromebook, and that's to make it
Jin-Yi Yu: You can go to Canvas and then it's going to be on our only and you have one hour to do open book exam around 50
Jin-Yi Yu: Multiple choice questions and you can take the exam for for one hour, either on Monday or Tuesday and then
Jin-Yi Yu: Yeah, that's it, and that there's no simple
Jin-Yi Yu: Problem questions. Simple question problem we have. So any and then only cover the chapter after the
Jin-Yi Yu: Midterm. So I think we started finally oceans circulation chapter, so I'll send out email later today to
Jin-Yi Yu: Recap on the information I just mentioned. Any other question from on on a final exam.
Jerry Lin: So to reiterate this though for response to email.
Jin-Yi Yu: Yeah, I will send an email. Yeah.
Okay.
Jin-Yi Yu: Sorry.
Jerry Lin: My there any fears plus portions
Jin-Yi Yu: Is anyone
Jerry Lin: Free response like retail
Jerry Lin: Just
Jin-Yi Yu: Only multiple choice.
Jin-Yi Yu: That's why you asking right Jerry
Jerry Lin: Yes, well, make sure
Jin-Yi Yu: Ya know, it says, oh, only multiple choice.
Jin-Yi Yu: Questions. Okay, any other questions.
Jin-Yi Yu: Okay, so you know make everybody's life easier, particularly says very, very busy tire. OK, now I'm going to finish the sensitivity chapter before our as in some of you was asking about it. The question number three.
Jin-Yi Yu: In the class homework.
Jin-Yi Yu: Sorry, the tech local PR some of your
Jin-Yi Yu: Some of you already done in the walk.
Jin-Yi Yu: No.
Jin-Yi Yu: That's not
Jin-Yi Yu: Okay.
Jin-Yi Yu: So the question is a sensitive. So the incidence is Fs. Right. So basically, um,
Jin-Yi Yu: You can consider we still one of our beta or without one operator. It doesn't matter. Depends on what do you. What's your understanding of what is
Jin-Yi Yu: Solar in certain on top or thermosphere half ass and then there is a
Jin-Yi Yu: Long aroma radiation calling out by security to body temperature us through the power of four right so if you consider just insert the equal to the
Jin-Yi Yu: Number of radiation or you take one minus capital doesn't matter which one you're in through and so most of you will notice the
Jin-Yi Yu: Equation to, to begin with, to answer that question number three, right, and then sort of sensitivity will try to find out how
Jin-Yi Yu: The temperature is going to change when the incident of change. Right. That's the one we try to find out. So let's begin with this equation. Let's make it easy without doing that one that the matter and then just take the derivative of this whole thing's
Jin-Yi Yu: Or on our side. So this one is the change of this seems equal to this one only variable is the T here so into four sigma t plus two plus three.
Jin-Yi Yu: Right. And then that's the change of the
Jin-Yi Yu: The
Jin-Yi Yu: black body temperature. So, from this one will find out for this value is because you move
Jin-Yi Yu: The US since you have least
Jin-Yi Yu: She knew you wanted. So he understands that you
Jin-Yi Yu: construct this one. So what are you on or
Jin-Yi Yu: Or supermarket.
Jin-Yi Yu: Three weeks. That was the answer. I was
Jin-Yi Yu: Expecting
Jin-Yi Yu: Any other questions.
Jin-Yi Yu: Oh, okay.
Jin-Yi Yu: I'm gonna send a chat.
Jin-Yi Yu: Lucas, what is what what
Lucas Santos: What, what did you mean I think there was a four pi r square. So, I think it has a four in the denominator.
Jin-Yi Yu: Oh, yes. Okay. No, no, yeah, I forgot about it.
Jin-Yi Yu: The surface area. Yeah.
Jin-Yi Yu: Yeah for pi r squared, the surface area too. Yeah, yeah, you're correct. That was what I say in the
Jin-Yi Yu: In the office is today. So as you Lucas was talking about a pencil. I just provided
So,
Jin-Yi Yu: These
Jin-Yi Yu: What I've seen
Jin-Yi Yu: In certain is it
Jin-Yi Yu: Picking the right factor. Yeah. But yeah, that's, uh, I just want you to to show me that you know the definition of a sensitive ears. These quantities.
Jin-Yi Yu: Right. And then that's the first power. Look for second pies. How you link the incident with the block party radiation. We start equations, three point out something similar to that.
Jin-Yi Yu: And then the rest is not a PC now on I am going to focus. Yeah. So if you see me these two pound and I'll consider you answer that question correctly.
Jin-Yi Yu: Okay, let me move on to
Jin-Yi Yu: The sensitivity part of the
Jin-Yi Yu: Chapter
Jin-Yi Yu: You see the PowerPoint, everybody.
Jin-Yi Yu: Right now.
Jin-Yi Yu: Yep. Okay.
Jin-Yi Yu: So yeah, I was
Jin-Yi Yu: I was talking about his sensitivity and then I mentioned there are three group of sensitivity us Mexico feedback. I'm
Jin-Yi Yu: I'm going to describe for these chapters in the first slides, don't weigh in a circle. One is the show with
Jin-Yi Yu: Feedback and the third one is coffee back and add they actually quite straightforward. So it's nothing very, very complicated to describe basically I just want you to know that the
Jin-Yi Yu: Some, some of the feedback that is operating through the normal process, some of the feedback operating on a show a process.
Jin-Yi Yu: And then cow feedback is combination of sinking. How does a cow effect long way. How does
Jin-Yi Yu: Our first show way and to determine the final feedback process Friday the crowd. So, it is only street crossings that you need to remember for his feedback chapter
Jin-Yi Yu: And for the runway feedback they as we talk about 313 feedback right Frank is based on sigma to force. So the warmer temperature, the more
Jin-Yi Yu: The larger these emissions value and then that will try to cool down our crime in a warmer climate more of this cooling radiation is going to happen. So that's why I put it a
Jin-Yi Yu: blue car ferocious color. That means this is a negative feedback and water vapor feedback is when a warmer climate.
Jin-Yi Yu: Then the atmosphere can hold more water vapor and more whatever is going to produce more stronger greenhouse effect stronger greenhouse effect is going to make one more time. So, or more Grammy more water.
Jin-Yi Yu: Than even more warming then. So this is a positive feedback and laps abstractly about is the one that's more complicated. That's where I
Jin-Yi Yu: I stopped after last Tuesday after I describe what is the abstract feedback. So you haven't remembered abstract feedback is just saying that, how does this
Jin-Yi Yu: Temperature warming in the surface and in a couple of I must be at the problem and how does their time on a mechanism to a warming
Jin-Yi Yu: If they have different mechanism warming and climate change. The, the industry, for example, you've service warm up.
Jin-Yi Yu: More like here and the apple trouble struggle temperature or mother last they pose warmer, warmer in a different degree. Then we're going to end up something that is
Jin-Yi Yu: Then that's going to produce a larger upstream and natural option means this top of troposphere temperature is going to be much different from
Jin-Yi Yu: The surface temperature. So the larger the difference between the top of tropospheric or temperature for only surface temperature, then the larger greenhouse effect the larger greenhouse effect after you after the global warming, increase the love story then the love story is going to
Jin-Yi Yu: Folder to strengthen or amplify that woman. So this is a positive feedback, but you've after we have a global warming, not make the surface temperature
Jin-Yi Yu: One more last then the upper tropospheric or temperature. So the interest rate becomes smaller.
Jin-Yi Yu: With a smaller laps three, then that means similar actually, what does that mean that means substrates determined by the top of trouble straight cold temperature minus surface temperature difference, right. Actually, the surface minus it purple.
Jin-Yi Yu: troposphere temperature. So when that this token. The lapses decrease means these two temperature become the same when it becomes a second, that means the greenhouse effect is going to be smaller. So
Jin-Yi Yu: After we have global warming. We warm up surface temperature we warm up.
Jin-Yi Yu: tropospheric temperature, but in a way that the troposphere core temperature warmer even more than surface.
Jin-Yi Yu: who met the troposphere cold temperatures tropopause temperature closer to surface temperature, then the greenhouse effect is going to reduce this week weaker greenhouse effect this
Jin-Yi Yu: Smaller up straight, try to come down the woman reduce the woman. So it is a negative feedback so
Jin-Yi Yu: Everything I just described tell you that this so collapsing feedback is related to how the lab strict control the non radiation process. That's why the lab straight feedback is including this one of the
Jin-Yi Yu: Runway media, don't we radiate the feedback and as the
Jin-Yi Yu: Listing I want to emphasize here. So you need to remember what is an abstract feedback and then why and why verify it is related to
Jin-Yi Yu: Loma radiation because adoption determine which part of the most is going to control or is going to be responsible for the
Jin-Yi Yu: Generators emission of peripheral radiation. And if the so the community is most of deterrence radiation come out from out how other must be is determined by Apple tropospheric temperature
Jin-Yi Yu: Right. And if this temperature is very, very different from service temperature. That means we produce a large
Jin-Yi Yu: In house effect because we love Otter must fear, providing this greenhouse shooting effect. Then if out the Earth has not atmosphere.
Jin-Yi Yu: In Earth is naked is a naked. So the llama radiation coming off on a surface is directly coming off on surface temperature, so don't worry the aging of the sigma p to the power for surface temperature
Jin-Yi Yu: But after we have the we have we have put it at I must fear there. The atmosphere is called cobbler. Our
Jin-Yi Yu: Service was a Franken. Right. So all this radiation initially to come out from survey got absorbed by the atmosphere and instead of most of these Teresa radiation is going to carry now from the
Jin-Yi Yu: The troposphere tap or troposphere and so most of these dumb radiation is going to come out from the top of the troposphere. And so this normally radiation coming off on top of
Jin-Yi Yu: Up the troposphere is going to be sigma t tuna chopper post temperature to look for. So instead of sigma p to the surface temperature to the for now we are sick of it to
Jin-Yi Yu: The top was very good temperature to the power for so I mean lapse rate is becoming us the surface temperature difference from the top of
Jin-Yi Yu: tropospheric the temperature. So when the his defense becomes an abstract is not the defense a big then people is a big means greenhouse effect is is strong. Right. So I wanted to
Jin-Yi Yu: Get more understanding of this. Other than that, then we must move on to this show radiative feedback. And there's only two very, very easy. We can't. We don't need to spend too much time. And so the code for the
Jin-Yi Yu: Show or any theater feedback first and then we'll come back to this this speaker here granted to say a little bit about elapsed racing's
Jin-Yi Yu: So now let's go on to the to show her idiot. The facts right one is the snow is a bit of feedback so everybody knows this one even before you take this class. So basically, that we we have
Jin-Yi Yu: Global Cooling. For example, in this example, the proper coding is going to meetings us
Jin-Yi Yu: Temperature surface temperature and that's going to increase the amount of snow and ice we some more snow and ice. We're going to increase our either
Jin-Yi Yu: With smart be though the solar radiation is going to reflect more to the atmosphere. The hacker space and then is going to make the the earth even colder was even called her
Jin-Yi Yu: Us at the first we're going to get even more ice was even more eyes. We're going to have even larger capital in fact even larger capital infallible refer either more long way and then a shower and then
Jin-Yi Yu: As can come back and forth Copa was until the week on Mac recording even larger. And similarly, if we have global warming. We are going to mail eyes.
Jin-Yi Yu: Are going to reduce happy though with reduce our be though, we're going to have more of the surface kind of upper surface is
Jin-Yi Yu: Absorbed more shortly radiation. So this is fresh eyes are bigger is a one of the show and radiative feedback process because this feedback is
Jin-Yi Yu: Is created or produce due to the show already in a process and similarly the data in a scene that can affect the albedo is the vegetation
Jin-Yi Yu: Service then type so prominent robo calling for example, and some of these fairies now require more Sunday warmer temperature can no longer survive. So the forest will be replaced by contract. Right. It was a talented its surface up with the
Jin-Yi Yu: Contract they observe as a service type, then the operator is going to be increased increased with a larger are Vito then we can go with us the absorption of software radiation. That's going to make us
Jin-Yi Yu: Us even colder was even called us surveys even more forest is replaced by Tom Doria and going on and on and on and on. And we intensify this cooling effect. So it's a positive feedback. Similarly, if we have
Jin-Yi Yu: A
Jin-Yi Yu: Woman and make the other must be a has more water vapor to Proceed, proceed to drop down so precipitation and then is more surprised, water is going to allow forest to replace the grass. Then and there was more forest. This
Jin-Yi Yu: Even more water vapor can be transferred through the tree and these are forest from service.
Jin-Yi Yu: Must be even more whatever into the atmosphere is going to allow more precipitation friendly atmosphere more inspiration from the atmosphere is going to allow an even bigger surface area of the earth that forest can replace the crash. Then, and some exams income Nicole Amana, as also
Jin-Yi Yu: Positive feedback but one we emphasize here. So the temperature is also show a radio ad group of the positive feedback so leaders are to feedback relate to the show a radiation here.
Jin-Yi Yu: Second one is a beetle vegetation climate feedback. Okay, so we have described is to grow up the feedback process related radiation. So we are going to combine show along with a talk about coffee.
Jin-Yi Yu: And before that, I'm going to come back to this lobster feedback because when we describe this industry feedback in this right we mentioned that in the tropical region here.
Jin-Yi Yu: Right, because our app.
Jin-Yi Yu: troposphere warm up in the future is called a warm up more learn the low troposphere. So the luxury in this area is so initially that is then surveys. Come on back to these were the
Jin-Yi Yu: APA troposphere temperature is can warm up even more something that is so in the future relapse rate is going to be deals with a retail substrate, the
Jin-Yi Yu: Purple troposphere top post temperature T T of top is going to be getting closer to t of surface. So the MSP does not provide much
Jin-Yi Yu: Greenhouse effect because if you have radiation coming up on top or troposphere or radiation coming off on a surface because
Jin-Yi Yu: The temperature in these two locations are very close to each other. So they are become the same so you don't produce any greenhouse effect. So, you know, that's why in the in the sky. We mentioned this.
Jin-Yi Yu: In the chops tropics. The lab sts is fact to decrease our updates going to get in Somalia in the future because Apple troposphere Walmart modern surface, it responds to greenhouse effect. And therefore, these, these
Jin-Yi Yu: Will produce a negative feedback on service temperature. However, when we call to the polar region called a polar region. You can see here
Jin-Yi Yu: The surface area surface.
Jin-Yi Yu: Near the lower troposphere, the temperature increase much more than in the upper troposphere over the, over the
Jin-Yi Yu: Over the polar region.
Jin-Yi Yu: See more woman here. And so that means the rapture is going to be initial adoption look berries and then surveys
Jin-Yi Yu: In increase much more the the top of troposphere temperature only increase that so enough so in the future is going to be like this.
Jin-Yi Yu: And obviously it's going to increase. So tada polar region, the relapse rates is back to increase with the increased up straight, we expect to have a positive feedback. So that's what
Jin-Yi Yu: Can we look at the the future warning of our current temperature at the mosque temperature. This is the hallway.
Jin-Yi Yu: The conclusion will reach and read it or read abstract feedback. So I see, I want to say here is why.
Jin-Yi Yu: We put in such kind of warming in the future. Right. So this is use a computer model computer mouse tell us that in the future is the equator.
Jin-Yi Yu: This in northern hemisphere is southern hemisphere within see the temperature is going to warm up or everywhere inside this
Jin-Yi Yu: troposphere. Then he said, how can troposphere is is much higher here in the top quality, because as we mentioned,
Jin-Yi Yu: When we talk about the Ottomans Franco situation, the top of the troposphere tropopause is much higher.
Jin-Yi Yu: Over the top origin because tropical region we have very strong deep connection. So the air can shoot much too much higher altitude. That's why we chop a pause.
Jin-Yi Yu: In the tropical region is higher than over the polar region. And so basically the speaker, tell us that everywhere inside the troposphere, in the future, the temperature is going to warm up it everywhere in the in the troposphere.
Jin-Yi Yu: And temperature everywhere in the stratosphere.
Jin-Yi Yu: Is called into court and that's why it's blue. Right. And then there's a first impression. We get about what will happen to our chemistry cold temperature when the crop. All right. This is the first single
Jin-Yi Yu: troposphere.
Jin-Yi Yu: Warm up with a warm up file stratosphere will put up. And then the last thing is we realized that the in the
Jin-Yi Yu: In the tropical region more warming is happening in ARPA
Jin-Yi Yu: troposphere that in the
Jin-Yi Yu: polar region moment is happening in the lower
Jin-Yi Yu: troposphere. Okay, that's a second
Jin-Yi Yu: Men future, we notice from the speaker. So here I just want to explain why we have these two men future. So that's doing here first explain why we have warmer.
Jin-Yi Yu: troposphere, called the stratosphere. Okay. And the, the answer is because warming in these troposphere.
Jin-Yi Yu: Encoding including in the stratosphere is
Jin-Yi Yu: In astronomy is still taught absorption of the Lamar radiation party carbon dioxide in the troposphere, such that is no longer available to the strongest stratosphere. So after crop a woman, we
Jin-Yi Yu: Only increased the carbon dioxide concentrations in the troposphere.
Jin-Yi Yu: All these non radiation. Try to go out co op and get absorbed everywhere in the stratosphere. That's why stratosphere everywhere. Walmart or history Connor.
Jin-Yi Yu: And because Teresa radiation has now been absorbed it much, much more in a warmer climate, so they become not available to the stratosphere. That's why stratosphere, who them.
Jin-Yi Yu: As first thing we want to know. Now the second thing is, why the woman in the tropical. Tropical region is larger in the upper troposphere. Right. And the answer is, let me clean up this
Jin-Yi Yu: We have enhanced warming you need tropical troposphere and this is related to the fact that the Moyes lab straight in the tropical region reduced what that means means after we have global
Jin-Yi Yu: After we have global warming. Right. Then we have more water vapor available in our atmosphere so clean air go out from surface.
Jin-Yi Yu: To top a pause.
Jin-Yi Yu: A co op and expand expand expand and cooling down and it carry much much more water vapor after global warming. So we have much much more water vapor matching matching, whatever. And when the least
Jin-Yi Yu: Expensive quarter we have much much more room for coming by the way, but contents, you can automate
Jin-Yi Yu: So when vapor contents to water, liquid water a release date and he so he is allowed, or rather, he so they didn't he release is going to be much larger in the future. After
Jin-Yi Yu: We warm up atmosphere. Atmosphere to carry more water vapor. So these Molly's at the abstract when what is dry, the temperature, the Oracle app is going to cool down.
Jin-Yi Yu: 10 degrees. See one kilometer right and we say the most of abstracts only who done by about 6.5
Jin-Yi Yu: The queasy every one kilometer. The reason it doesn't go down to 10 degrees. He is because when we go up is going to
Jin-Yi Yu: Produce Precipitation. Precipitation equally deals. They then he anything he is Corey to compensate have of these expansion cooling. That's why at the end with you then end up when we are most
Jin-Yi Yu: In the most industry, the luxury is going to be smarter than minus 10 degrees C, but in a future our atmosphere hot water vapor. So more later, he can be
Jin-Yi Yu: Re release found these as a Sunday motion Rosie margin, so we expect the lapse rate is going to be huge deals even furthermore maybe only 5.5 degrees, see. Okay. And this is all my explanation is trying to tell you what he means by
Jin-Yi Yu: The most abstract of the temperature in a choppy is currently
Jin-Yi Yu: Reduced decline in a future. And so in that way that the temperature in the upper troposphere of a tropical region is going to be warm up with much more than the low
Jin-Yi Yu: Lower troposphere and then let's look at the portal rating why more woman happen in a surface. Then in the upper troposphere, or even while we have very strong calling in the
Jin-Yi Yu: Stratosphere so that's explain why we have strong calling in Australia, Austria and these enhanced calling in a polar sort of space because after
Jin-Yi Yu: We caught on all these stratosphere to to the absorption of Teresa retention pack carbon dioxide in the troposphere, then the temperature in this polar stratosphere reaching is going to
Jin-Yi Yu: Have a bigger chance to drop it or minus 80 degree. See, which is going to allow the polis Charles very cool crowd to happen.
Jin-Yi Yu: After we have see usually in the North Pole region. We do not have we cannot decreased, we cannot drop the color stratospheric of temperature to below.
Jin-Yi Yu: Minus 80 degree. See why is this region usury is greater than manage add Quincy only in the south Southern Hemisphere, a south pole. The temperature is
Jin-Yi Yu: Much called in a monastery typically see right and then. But after we are global warming the pop to the stratosphere eating going to be quote unquote encoder. So now we allow port Australia's crab to form in the
Jin-Yi Yu: Over her loss per region and then now set up a stage to 2D or on depression. So in the
Jin-Yi Yu: Future woman who will begin the seat ozone depletion happening in the North Pole region.
Jin-Yi Yu: At the president Kami, we do not see the around the whole depression happening in an aspiration for Otter, we are global warming. We're going to see that and there with with with small depletion of the oral concentration over the
Jin-Yi Yu: Polar stratosphere. Then we are going to
Jin-Yi Yu: Reduce the absorption of the the ultraviolet radiation in this region that's why this region cool down more in the future and the other surface just basically because of these eyes are people in fact
Jin-Yi Yu: Snow is it the fact you're warming, you may own eyes over the polar region and then therefore more solar radiation can be absorbed it. And as a result, this region is called a warm up.
Jin-Yi Yu: More in a surface in the future and together with these cooling in the stratosphere, that obviously in the polar region become large larger
Jin-Yi Yu: Much larger lab straight up an opportunity positive feedback. Okay, that's what I want to say about the speaker.
Jin-Yi Yu: So now let's go to the last slide about the coffee pot. So now the reason we put a coffee back separately from us an individual item here to consider is based on the fact that the cow can affect post
Jin-Yi Yu: Long way and it's showing radiation. Okay, how can I have solar radiation and terrestrial radiation. So you every time you try to say after you have a global warming, you produce more
Jin-Yi Yu: Or less car. How does that change in a Calvinist is going to what kind of feedback back Calvinist change colors, it can
Jin-Yi Yu: Provide so when we try to answer this question, we have the first as our CEO. How does that increase or decrease a cow going to affect solar radiation. Don't worry, intuition, and it continue to the
Jin-Yi Yu: Consideration and to determine whether or not, whether the cloud feedback is positive or negative. So that's the whole idea. Okay, so now let's see. Typically, how does the cow affect
Jin-Yi Yu: The showing radiation. Radiation in cloud is going to affect show so albedo. So typically crowd will increase libido. So he will. He will reduce the
Jin-Yi Yu: Availability of our show radiation and therefore cow will produce a negative feedback. So to cool down.
Jin-Yi Yu: Our crime if we increase the cow and then Christ condo reduce shower ideation and producer feedback at the same time cow can reduce the alcohol, the wrong idea.
Jin-Yi Yu: And the reason for this is because if we do not have cow then Ursus negative is going to make it is Nikki. Nikki and it's not produce Teresa radiation place and power for the surface temperature which is big. But now, if we have cow, then the car is going to rock this
Jin-Yi Yu: Radiation that charisma radiation funnel service. So our histories or the energy is going to be absorb it just by cow and then cow itself is going to produce
Jin-Yi Yu: Teresa and appreciation based on the sigma KEY TO THE POWER OF foreigner of the cow temperature, it seems crowd temperatures always
Jin-Yi Yu: Much smaller than surface temperature then so that's why because can reduce the cooling effect, but inspired outcome. Right. Don't worry, the Asian
Jin-Yi Yu: By reducing the cooling sort of crowd producing heating effects. And that's going to be positive feedback even global warming more water vapor available today chemistry.
Jin-Yi Yu: Then it must be a can produce more cow what crowd is going to produce a net positive feedback. So no longer radiation, but I'm all crowd is going to provide some night is going to produce a negative feedback sort of
Jin-Yi Yu: Showing radiation and the net effect of feedback is going to determine whether or not the whether it is the show a process or a long way process that becomes stronger relate to do to
Jin-Yi Yu: The increase of that crap and but whether the How is can affect show Mr or wrong way more depends on what kind of car, we are talking about. So basically, in general, high cow can to produce a heating effect.
Jin-Yi Yu: Now, what is a healing effect has to be long way right so wrong way and no car is going to produce a cooling effect according if I mean he made the local must affect
Jin-Yi Yu: The shower radiation process more and that's why producer negative feedback and high car must be producer strength.
Jin-Yi Yu: Long way with feedback. That's why it become a positive feedback. Okay, so these are maybe not very clear, but I'm going to explain that by looking at each speaker. So this figure tell you that when you have
Jin-Yi Yu: Sharp high low crime now service here.
Jin-Yi Yu: You have a low crown. First, you notice that though car look this one.
Jin-Yi Yu: This is high crap.
Jin-Yi Yu: What's the main, main difference did. Did you notice between these hot car and these high crown means sickness right low crowd tend to be very, very thick.
Jin-Yi Yu: And because it is near surface. So it has a lot of water vapor so low crop tend to be a very, very thick cow and high cow tend to be very, very thing.
Jin-Yi Yu: Right, because he's from the water vapor continues into liquid water in a very, very high altitude. Where is far flung surface water source of water. That's why it doesn't have another water. So when we have sunlight coming through here.
Jin-Yi Yu: So when we have Sunday, the thing cow cannot Brock much of the the Sunday. So Sunday, pretty much can cause through it. So for high crowd here.
Jin-Yi Yu: Is low carb, high cow is going to produce almost zero effect and show radiation, because we start seeing high cow nursing occur we show radiation sunlight is going to come through it right but we always the very thick.
Jin-Yi Yu: Thickness for know cow then sound like a rocket. So the law club is called producer large
Jin-Yi Yu: Showing cooling effect right it black the Sunday. So MIT the surface you if you call them because they're not much center coming
Jin-Yi Yu: Now, let's talk a long way radiation effect, then the third is generating credit if coming up with the whole we said if we have cow, then the
Jin-Yi Yu: Radiation calling out the our payment system is not wrong serve his father, clap, the normalization is co founder club.
Jin-Yi Yu: And when we have high car and how strong is dominating depends on the temperature of Accra, and because high cow is located very high
Jin-Yi Yu: Altitude, so his temperature is very low is very nice though then is Teresa radiation is a sigma to the power for that very low, high temperature. So we are going to reduce Amanda along with radiation so long way radiation is going to be doing deals that
Jin-Yi Yu: Are in for these high cow and that's going to produce
Jin-Yi Yu: warming effect because we are now.
Jin-Yi Yu: Send out this very, very small amount of the tourists radiation from our common system pill to the hypo so that it's going to warm up is because Teresa radiation is a process to
Jin-Yi Yu: The coup de la salle now we send out
Jin-Yi Yu: Weaker this query effectively and it's going to warm up and for the local
Jin-Yi Yu: Is temperature is not far away from the surface temperature because know how is very close to the surface so that no color temperature is very close to serve.
Jin-Yi Yu: Surface temperature. So, you have Theresa radiation coming up on a surface or your publisher radiation from royal crown doesn't make much difference. So the low power has a very small long
Jin-Yi Yu: Long Letitia effect, right. So the conclusion is low cow produce a very, very strong effect by, you know, showing radiation side by reduce the
Jin-Yi Yu: surety Asian passing through the account. So now, a cool down our timing. So this is a negative
Jin-Yi Yu: Feedback.
Jin-Yi Yu: For high how it does not affect sure ADHD much higher, but it reduce the cooling do totally blown radiation. So the
Jin-Yi Yu: High cow. Try to produce a woman effect. And that's going to become a positive feedback. That's what we say here.
Jin-Yi Yu: In this site.
Jin-Yi Yu: In general, in general, in general.
Jin-Yi Yu: Hi cow. Try to produce a heating effect, right, because it reduced among or lower radiation, we send out to call ourselves.
Jin-Yi Yu: And then go crowd can to produce a cooling effect because he brought the show radiation. Okay, everybody follow these men document and that's all I want to say about this.
Jin-Yi Yu: chapter on the feedback process. Now let's go on to the last chapter on the
Jin-Yi Yu: paleoclimate aspect of our climate system because in the parallel Jaime aspect of our current system. We are going to talk about much longer time scale of the academy.
Jin-Yi Yu: Variation what we call climate change. So I'm such a long time scale thousand are many years they are on we're going to focus two major source of these
Jin-Yi Yu: Forcing to cause the sauna years and meaning is time scale of the climate change. So under Stalin. He has time scale is orbital scale climate change.
Jin-Yi Yu: From the order in this one, you need to remember is 41,000 years cycle one and there's 23,000 years cycle and there's 100,000 years cycle.
Jin-Yi Yu: So the arbiters skill can maybe appear to always leave a signature in our patio comma record.
Jin-Yi Yu: On with a particular frequency relate to one of these three number 41,000 years 23 solid years or 103 solid years last two or three number, we need to remember and attack. Tony, pray, Jaime change is going to cause harm it warm or cool down on the menial ears transfer
Jin-Yi Yu: This meaning he can scale is this one. I mean, the first one he tell you, you only need to remember to number the first number is our time it became in France 300 many years ago, US history. The live will suffice.
Jin-Yi Yu: Is our 5,000,000,004.5 billion years out, so we don't know anything about anything earlier than 300 million years ago about the cooling aluminum of our
Jin-Yi Yu: Us, but we do know found a paleo common record that in in France 300 many years ago outcome, it has become warmer and warmer, warmer, warmer, warmer.
Jin-Yi Yu: And then we reach the warmest purple temperature service temperature at about 100 million years ago. So at about 100 meanie meanie years ago from today. The Earth is completely ice free that's on the tectonic scale needed remember is number
Jin-Yi Yu: 100 million years co host temperature is at a mean maximum and there's somewhere else, then the temperature become the cooling down. And then, particularly the recording done on this.
Jin-Yi Yu: chronic skin on a minion, you can scale is that about 50 million years ago, our Earth's climate.
Jin-Yi Yu: Surface temperature become cooling down much faster deal to event. I'm going to describe, which is the condition of the India peninsula was the Asian continent, that's where the
Jin-Yi Yu: The typical car race above the surface as which is became about 15 minutes. Years ago. So those are two groups of number. I want you to remember
Jin-Yi Yu: For the tectonics scale climate change it. You remember how many years ago, eight hours is ice free and then 50 million years ago we became the cooldown very fast due to the creation of human area and the purple.
Jin-Yi Yu: And for the orbitals timescale these type optical scale variation. They happen AV 41,000 years ago a, the time is really seven years at 100 thousands years so I can explain this.
Jin-Yi Yu: So allows us to grow up number. I want you to memorize. When you tell a story today, Tony. Tony scale climate change and the opposite of scale climate change.
Jin-Yi Yu: So now let's talk a the tectonic scale climate change. So Tony scale kind of change is the longest time scale of climate change and earth.
Jin-Yi Yu: Which encompass most of the earth 4.5 billion years of history and a tectonic process joined by us in terms of heat altar us geography. So if you go to take this Paleo calm director from particular
Jin-Yi Yu: Location of ours, and you find out, for example, you go to the
Jin-Yi Yu: South Pole right now by entity region, you take the pedal camera you find out that maybe 400 million years ago that
Jin-Yi Yu: Some enemies in the Antarctic, then the temperature is super, super hot is how can I be not the Antarctic then 400 million years ago. So, one and one possible answer to that question is maybe 400 meaning years ago and party a piece of them was located in the equator.
Jin-Yi Yu: And it kept on trippin trip drifting slowly slowly found the equator to the south pole in the past 400 million years but 400 million years ago, the entity may be was located in the equator, where
Jin-Yi Yu: The piece I didn't receive a lot of solar radiation. That's why your petty crime erotica discover from Antarctic region show some very, very warm temperature
Jin-Yi Yu: So that's what this sentence, try to tell you, tech county press process Dr can have auto earth geographic and now we're changing the temperature record.
Jin-Yi Yu: So so unleased tectonics stay as a climate change and this time scale owes
Jin-Yi Yu: Us kami has oscillate between time when I she was present some way on earth and kind of times when there's no ice. Okay, so about 100 million years ago here.
Jin-Yi Yu: So I think 100 me is called the carries us see the distribution of the we already saw in North America, South America, all these
Jin-Yi Yu: Major continental occasion is very similar to what we observed today. But if you go out to, for example, for how many years ago, look at the the continent location on Earth's surface is magic brain very different from the
Jin-Yi Yu: Distribution of a company. Now we observe today. OK. So the most important thing to explain why tectonic pray mope around can affect our common is through a high pass is what we call a see
Jin-Yi Yu: For
Jin-Yi Yu: Spreading
Jin-Yi Yu: Siri. Okay, I'm going to
Jin-Yi Yu: Explain that. But before that, we need to know what is the tectonic pray, right, because when us form with container Allah here in in three hours, which
Jin-Yi Yu: Is more like lava and then this liquid so it keeping an eye out the the most the outside the skin part of us is caught on very quickly become a
Jin-Yi Yu: Salary piece by piece, and the inside this Saturday big piece we have this very, very a lot of
Jin-Yi Yu: Liquid going on and I'm so this particular liquid inside the interior part of us produce this commercial to shift the outside crust to move around.
Jin-Yi Yu: And so the outside piece of the Earth's surface become crack into 20 pieces of tectonic pray in this Saturday Tony praise frothing and pepper is lava and this tab is going to
Jin-Yi Yu: slowly drift. This 20 pieces of recording pray to to become far apart from each other or get come closer to each other or never come fall apart or
Jin-Yi Yu: Come to come close or far apart from each other is called the squeeze each other at least pick phony pray and it's going to
Jin-Yi Yu: Produce volcano activity. So now Boykin activity is going to inject carbon dioxide into our atmosphere into warm our common sort of greenhouse effect.
Jin-Yi Yu: So whether or not is injection of carbon dioxide is stronger or weaker is going to affect our hammer and that's why the temperature
Jin-Yi Yu: Temperature in the on this means 10 years or principal can warm or cold or vocal depends on this tectonics. Pray squeeze each other at a very, very fast, very
Jin-Yi Yu: slow rate. And this is what we call it. See, for spreading rate hypothesis. Right. During the activity. Pray tectonic process carbon cycle.
Jin-Yi Yu: Will come looks look up. I'm a psycho constantly between us interior is service. So a lot of carbon dioxide is going to come to the surface and that's going to warm icon. So when
Jin-Yi Yu: A tectonic praise moving very, very fast during certain menial years ago. Then we are going to have a warmer climate, because a lot of what cannot activity. Another international carbon dioxide, very strong.
Jin-Yi Yu: Greenhouse effect when the CIF for spreading becomes slower than we have not last week what cannot be with the last couple and as I could inject it into our chemistry.
Jin-Yi Yu: And that's why the will become more less is more eyes now size models are more is less is more. Until about 100 million years ago. Ours is completely ice free
Jin-Yi Yu: Pie was, I suppose, is free and the pole and the pole on hundred million years ago, right. This is the rectory see for spreading theory. And then above
Jin-Yi Yu: 50 meaning years ago 55 minutes go by our common become coding dunk. And that's because 50 million years ago. The in the upper peninsula already gradually drifting, drifting trip to
Jin-Yi Yu: How Asia and this in the upper peninsula in camp heat Asia company and then raise the debt to pay Pato a human eye.
Jin-Yi Yu: Area and when we have paper path will raise up
Jin-Yi Yu: By the collision of the India Peninsula with Asia continent about 55 many years ago, then the path of
Jin-Yi Yu: Provide a lot of fresh rock service, right, because now we have more luck service due to the elevate the plateau and more flashy rock service.
Jin-Yi Yu: Going to produce chemical reaction with carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. So carbon dioxide in the atmosphere sees the fresh rock service related elevated
Jin-Yi Yu: The tape a pattern. So all is carbon dioxide, you know, at the most, be well absorbed by this fresh rock and so 55 minutes ago when we
Jin-Yi Yu: Are only in the upper peninsula columns Asia raise the Tibetan Plateau provide more fresh rock service then cup on the outside among condensation in Ottomans be reduced.
Jin-Yi Yu: Because get sucked into the rock service to produce the chemical process and we serve feel carbon dioxide. Our Korean house. In fact,
Jin-Yi Yu: In fact, some water. So our temperature. Temperature became the recording that 50 million years ago. That's the main idea.
Jin-Yi Yu: Now let's talk about the orbital time scale, right, I say there are three number change in the solar heating driven by changing us RP out a major cause of the sack a secret.
Jin-Yi Yu: Climate change over time scale of 10s to hundreds of solving it. So there are three number read it to the arbiter skill on is 4130 years 23 solid years and 100 solving
Jin-Yi Yu: Ears. Okay, let's see what caused this three. So you can see that this equation integration. Integration integration of pleasure in so aggression against your peers, you check the
Jin-Yi Yu: Difference between them. They are controlled by 41 seven year cycle. Okay. Before I explain history, let's say, what are these three
Jin-Yi Yu: Number means for us thousand years 23 solid years and 103 solid years right the US operating with us is authentic.
Jin-Yi Yu: With this access and this access to the back and forth between 22.5 equally to 24.5 degree in the cycle. And when we go from 22 that
Jin-Yi Yu: The tilting ankle is 22.5 and then to become larger and weaker in this cycle. It takes about 41 seven years. So the 4170 years operator climate change it relate to those Tilton, the typical of this
Jin-Yi Yu: Hope and attendees three solid years. Some people say 26 but also Tennessee is even up the earth tilting access is fixed to for example company street which the
Jin-Yi Yu: Person that you can point to the North Star, sometimes the polling tool. The other stuff. And even though the TV anchor SM, but which direction the tilting point to is called the processor
Jin-Yi Yu: Cycle this procession cycle. Change your point of nostalgia and the artist knows that you're stuck in a cycle ab 23 seven years.
Jin-Yi Yu: And we said to can affect how much stomach in court order polar region but procession does not change.
Jin-Yi Yu: Queer the portal rating because ankle is still the same. So it doesn't change the amount of radiation go to the polar region me tilting the process is going to affect how much sun, I can go to the tropical region.
Jin-Yi Yu: And Earth tilting angle determine how much sun. I call to the polar region of the the the earth. So now you'll recognize that the these two
Jin-Yi Yu: Cycle for feeling sorry your circle good reader to tilting and it's going to affect polar came more. So you've read or study with
Jin-Yi Yu: Our panel coming passing and then the practices coming from related posts and the polar region related eyes, and that's very likely related is 41
Jin-Yi Yu: Year Southern cycle. And if we find our paleoclimate phenomena or proxy coming from the tropical region.
Jin-Yi Yu: 21 so in then is directly related to the procession because process is going to affect how much radiation call to the tropical region and the most important tropical process of tropical phenomena is monsoon
Jin-Yi Yu: monsoon is a phenomena in a tropical region and produce more rainfall I last ran for when they produce more info is competence level mapping because more info you have more pan, they can
Jin-Yi Yu: Surface and that conquer late is that is not a moving water so you'll produce a condition to increase mapping protection so mapping CH for
Jin-Yi Yu: Concentration is very much referring to this 23 solid years cycle and this 41 the tilting angle 41,000 is a polar climate and color calming effect. What I see it.
Jin-Yi Yu: The at the size of this community integration and night is going to be Fred what ours is integration or integration period. Okay. And this 100 years selling cycle is related to where the earth is
Jin-Yi Yu: orbiting around some in a circle of it all and these
Jin-Yi Yu: Are
Jin-Yi Yu: The others shape of this orbiting in copper from very circle to last circle every
Jin-Yi Yu: One 100,000 years. However, it was were recognized that this one hungry.
Jin-Yi Yu: That radiation among change due to this first. The ship is orbiting around some is very simple.
Jin-Yi Yu: So you would you believe you can laugh, find out is 187 year cycle in our Paleo kinda record because these solar radiation among change relate to this 187 year cycle is very small. And surprisingly, in the past, they are point 9 million years.
Jin-Yi Yu: This has been going credential in the credential credential integrator and about 103 solid years. So this is still a mystery for pet rock climbing community.
Jin-Yi Yu: Why our potential integration period. Stephanie change from 41 sorry year cycle to become 100,000 year cycle beginning somewhere around 0.9
Jin-Yi Yu: Million years ago for right now. I tried to mention all is important numbers, read it to these tectonic an orbital scale curmudgeon so last number. I want to suggest you to remember because those number give you
Jin-Yi Yu: A Samsung recipe sippy could tell a very interesting story about climate change. So our question interglacial period before 0.59 meaning years call it
Jin-Yi Yu: Is crazy in ASIA. ASIA. ASIA. ASIA Indonesia every 47 years in MP coming from 0.9 many years. So we have pleasure integration Frazier interpretation is a big country seven years. Okay, so now let's see.
Jin-Yi Yu: If you look at the installation change.
Jin-Yi Yu: From three solid years ago to Angie and sorry to present a the installation decrease increase or decrease or increase as of a different narrative. So here you can see that will only look at the equator.
Jin-Yi Yu: Here.
Jin-Yi Yu: 20 degrees north 40 degree not you notice that
Jin-Yi Yu: This difference this peak to peak here at about 20 degree now 34 degree north is shorter is about
Jin-Yi Yu: 20 is about
Jin-Yi Yu: 3130 years or 26,000 year but when you go to the higher and higher morality, for example, called a 60 degree north south 60 degree now so you can see that this
Jin-Yi Yu: interval between a peak to peak is more around 41 sorry before related to your team process. That's why T means tilted for you. I'm sorry. Years MP means procession this
Jin-Yi Yu: So you're not is a low gravity region, it is related to this is oration intense. The change is really to procession process which is 21 seven years and and hide out at you. Here you can see the
Jin-Yi Yu: Integration change is related to the tilting process at the 40,000 year cycle and
Jin-Yi Yu: So say say for us all year cycles effect installation charge a higher morality.
Jin-Yi Yu: And he turned you on solving your psycho precession affect the installation and I lo a meat on it, right. So what happened in the lower
Jin-Yi Yu: Middle Earth, you know, I mean it. You have a lot of major monsoon security monsters occasion exists. I'm a service because I can respond to seasonal change so monsoon is characterized by
Jin-Yi Yu: Granting season. Try and watch season. Try and rested and I was controlled by season right and those affected by these these changes insulation.
Jin-Yi Yu: And when you have more stronger installation it to the rock, a tropical region parties stronger.
Jin-Yi Yu: monsoon you produce more room for more envoy is called allow see when your installation increase to a larger video and then we'll practice more
Jin-Yi Yu: Or more tropical region more room for more much stronger monsoon tropical region, and then all produce a lot of water on Earth's surface producer punk.
Jin-Yi Yu: And they and those Pamela Rick is papaya environment to produce mapping right Manson amount is going to increase. So you really look at the see
Jin-Yi Yu: The boss talk icebreaker shows that a series of secret variation in mapping concentration
Jin-Yi Yu: Happen and this each mapping cycle. Take about 23,000 years and this cycle is point to electronic connection with the change in orbit of procession.
Jin-Yi Yu: The opposite of possession tahmeena insulation change a lot it. That's a key information you need to remember
Jin-Yi Yu: What to put our service is affected by this procession cycle and which chemical species is concentration refract
Jin-Yi Yu: The change in the procession cycle the essays tropical region is the fact that per session and mastering is the chemical species which whose concentration
Jin-Yi Yu: Effect very much by this procession cycle. Now let's look at the tilting cycle. So we'll see it as I determine whether we have more pressure over harder at you or
Jin-Yi Yu: Smart and amount of pleasure in the header at you and this more potential escalation is controlled by insulation had it is orange and how that is controlled by tilting cycle.
Jin-Yi Yu: Right, which is 47 years. So the most important thing to recognize is that our oldest or hide it has more ratio eyes are not plagiarize
Jin-Yi Yu: The most important is not winter temperature is the summer temperature because you have stronger integration and apart original week conservation and Polo, Polo. He is going to have
Jin-Yi Yu: A long winter anyway. And it's going to always call enough to produce eyes. So whether you are larger ice surface area or smaller surface area covered by is is is not determined by the winter amateur, it is determined by some temperature some insulation counts for the size of
Jin-Yi Yu: Ice sheet.
Jin-Yi Yu: And so because you know summer is very warm, it's going to mail eyes and make that period of time has a smaller I sit on the surface in the summer temperature is very low.
Jin-Yi Yu: Then is allowed the more ice to survive through the summer and will continue to extend the ice surface. Okay, so this is one of your final question.
Jin-Yi Yu: Now let's move on. By looking at a glacial as an integrator period in the past, you can see this is present day. And this is why many years ago, many years ago, you can see that somewhere before 0.9 meaning years ago.
Jin-Yi Yu: You look at these Crenshaw integration which the interval between this integration ratio is about 4141 41,004 so about 0.9 million years ago. The Odyssey grow a male AB.
Jin-Yi Yu: Or even 21,000 years. Alright, until after the 9.0 point. I mean it years ago. You can see that these glacier integrator period become longer because 100 Saudi years right so after
Jin-Yi Yu: The appointment. I mean, in his garage ice floe a male in a cycle 107 year. So why something happened on this interval of pleasure in the glacier period from 41 solid to 103 solid years
Jin-Yi Yu: Somewhere around why this cycle changing 0.9 million years ago, the answer is we do not know.
Jin-Yi Yu: Right. So I think a few years ago, maybe five or six years ago there was even a talk and r e s s department. Someone came from.
Jin-Yi Yu: The other university, try to explain why this glacier integration period increased from 41 solving years to 103 solid years since your point 9 million years ago, not tell us that
Jin-Yi Yu: This is still resolve.
Jin-Yi Yu: Mystery in current research community. Why the closure in the credential period change and this
Jin-Yi Yu: Try tell you our theory to explain this. So the theory combine the tectonic scale current change we use this orbital.
Jin-Yi Yu: Up, it'll scale change.
Jin-Yi Yu: The basic idea is that so we say our county is very, very COME IN THE WARM, WARM or want to the maximum about 100 million years ago. And then become cold calling calling calling calling since the since the
Jin-Yi Yu: The India peninsula collide with the Asian continent. Right. And then because the tectonic pray. So our tech Connie scale become calling calling calling calling all the way to the present day.
Jin-Yi Yu: Which is 15 million years ago and but unpublished we already have the credential intracranial pressure intracranial pressure, pressure. Pressure integration manager in the equation clincher in the
Jin-Yi Yu: Region and then we say that when we come to about 0.9 million scope, because of these collision or India with Asia contain them has produced such as
Jin-Yi Yu: A cooling effect accordion effect reach to a pony that beginning about your point 9 million years ago this closure in the browser calling calling calling
Jin-Yi Yu: add on to this credential indicator period. Make it become difficult
Jin-Yi Yu: to mail the ice. Avi 41,000 years because this tectonic SCALE MAKE OUR karmic calling calling calling calling calling calling since about 55 million years ago. It is calling to a point that this
Jin-Yi Yu: Increase sort of radiation to the polar region. Oh, sorry to into the portal, Richard, do the Hilton 41 sorry you're tilting cycle is not going to be
Jin-Yi Yu: Enough to mail out ice. For example, He was 41,000 years we have strong dollars total radiation to a polar region to mirror eyes become a interglacial period, but since do point. I mean, he has COPD, because these take a comic
Jin-Yi Yu: comic effect, combined with this sort of operating effect that above your point. I mean, he is called even with a stronger radiation abs.
Jin-Yi Yu: 41 seven years in a summertime is not going to be enough to melt ice to become integration period. So instead of have racial integration at 41,000 now this duration that interval has been increased to 103 solid years. Last one have a theory expanded by this slide. So you can see that
Jin-Yi Yu: This yada to read this one I think this one was, you can find the story on the
Jin-Yi Yu: Internet. And that's pretty much all I want to say a party tech Connie and Opera Tosca. As I say, Remember last three to set up.
Jin-Yi Yu: The key number years and that will help you to remember memorize how what happened to this tectonic and soda operating kind skill.
Jin-Yi Yu: Or English last night. So, depends on which paradox posse you use see the match our economy history of can be recorded in for particular climate.
Jin-Yi Yu: Policy. One is sentiment because send them is from the bottom of the ocean. And they said, I'm
Jin-Yi Yu: Actually recording. We have more info and then or last room for in our system, and he will or home were more info. We have more water running through the surveys and
Jin-Yi Yu: And then become whole to the bottom. As you become a sediment in the battles, you know, in the bottom of Lake and I become an so when you are more involved. Then you become habit is Parker.
Jin-Yi Yu: Piri here become more sense soil was fresh into the pattern of light and the next year you have last rainfall and become lighter color and the
Jin-Yi Yu: Year, you have more info become harder. So by looking at these there of the settlement, he can tell us the past history of our list. And of course, triggering reflect the
Jin-Yi Yu: temperature change in our atmosphere and soda sediment. In fact, the room for variation and the creation of truck or this
Jin-Yi Yu: Is called truck. The air at the most radical air right so i tell you we concentration among of our, our
Jin-Yi Yu: Atmosphere and then of course coral reef fact the ocean temperature
Jin-Yi Yu: Change in some specific chemical species. So by looking at these four different species we can find our past history of our rainfall
Jin-Yi Yu: past history of our carbon dioxide concentration past history about ocean temperature and past history of our air temperature
Jin-Yi Yu: Right. And each policy, they can manage a different lens of the past history of us and that's all everything we want, I want to say.
Jin-Yi Yu: Relate to this Perrier karmic chapter. So you can see that if you use the ocean or a lake settlement, they tell you much, much longer past history of Earth.
Jin-Yi Yu: And then come to the last second wise coral reef can tell you solving years ago. What happened to our climate and trader Intel you hundred G's to up to once all the years of past history. So, depends on which proxy you use, you will be able to retrieve the past history Earth.
Jin-Yi Yu: I'm the solid years before or hundred years before. And that's all I want to say about these climate change.
Jin-Yi Yu: So as I said, I'm going to send everybody
Jin-Yi Yu: Email and but basically the final will take place next between next Monday, even to the you can call the canvas for today. A final either on next Monday or next Tuesday.
Jin-Yi Yu: Each one other thing. And then you will be given one hour to answer about 50 as opposed because I'm still finalizing the question. So, but it will be around 50
Jin-Yi Yu: Multiple choice questions only only multiple choice. And so, and then the final will cover the chapter. Up, up to the meter. Okay. So any other questions, anyone ready to find out.
Jin-Yi Yu: Now, okay, so I'll send you an email. And then remember to the final next week. Okay. Thank you. Bye everybody.
Ved Bhoot: Thank you.
Jin-Yi Yu: Thank you. Bye bye.