Jin-Yi Yu: I'm going to pick in the lecture.
Jin-Yi Yu: So, last time I was talking about the
Jin-Yi Yu: Sri bearable, we use to describe the property of the ocean, which include temperature senility intensity and already described it distribution or temperatures immunity and a little bit of temperature a little bit of the density and here
Jin-Yi Yu: I
Jin-Yi Yu: Talk about the, what is the definition of potential temperature last already. So for example here shows the
Jin-Yi Yu: Know the potential density. So here shows the distribution of potential temp density in the ocean. And you can see that the values show here is something around 25 points I'm seeing 26 points I'm seeing 27 something
Kyle Manley: Screen professor
Kyle Manley: Sorry. Oh.
Jin-Yi Yu: Sorry, I haven't sure to share. Thank you for letting me know.
Jin-Yi Yu: This one.
Jin-Yi Yu: Yeah.
Jin-Yi Yu: That's how I talk about is
Jin-Yi Yu: This the distribution and potential density was define us the best the minus the 1000 kilograms per cubic meter and alright disquiet last time.
Jin-Yi Yu: But there's potential means means that the up in the lotto mass back to the surface and try to see
Jin-Yi Yu: How the density looked at and our value is called potential test the any water in this ocean a can bring back to surface to remember is tense. The end soon as the water is pretty much incompressible. So his potential tasty.
Jin-Yi Yu: Potential density is very close to density is potato temperature is very close to temperature. I think that's what where we stopped last time.
Jin-Yi Yu: A here. We need to say a little bit about of density. Density. So basically density in the ocean is a is a function of sanity and temperature in the north in a very complicated way and that's why in the computer model in a commie model OSI model.
Jin-Yi Yu: The way we calculate the density is we have a lookup table. So if you know the salinity of that water and the temperature of the water and then you can
Jin-Yi Yu: Find out what the test. It may look like based on this table for example here, and you find out that the thirsty somewhere around 1.0 to 60 gram per center per cubic centimeter. And the reason for this lookup table is because the the way to find out if the density as a function of
Jin-Yi Yu: Temperature similarities cutting have become okay so we don't have something that he caught a low RT kind of ideal gas to link fence to to
Jin-Yi Yu: To to temperature in something as an entity. So that's why this one the speaker show you that. Howdy, so that the key information to
Jin-Yi Yu: remembers the density is a function of temperature instability in the complicated way. And so here you can see that this is why called in his temperature
Jin-Yi Yu: X caught in a sin entity and those components are the density. And you can see that if you go in the upper a higher temperature path.
Jin-Yi Yu: You can see the temperature increase or decrease in temperature increase the ocean density is going to decrease right that
Jin-Yi Yu: We can measure. That's why we expect it when temperature decrease it can see that, then the density will increase. Right. And then at the same time, if you look at the
Jin-Yi Yu: X coordinate. Right. Well, you change your sincerity increase your salinity your tends to increase was mo from 1.25 to 1.026 and continue get a
Jin-Yi Yu: fixed temperature and you keep on increasing the senility in the water and then it is, it will keep on increasing right so
Jin-Yi Yu: But in this upper part of this country and I, because see, we are pretty much equally the patients on temperature equally depends on similarity
Jin-Yi Yu: But when you go down to a colder and colder and colder temperature Corky somewhere close to the freezing point. You can see all the stats D Cantona become more like a straight up nine
Jin-Yi Yu: Right. What does a straight up nine means, meaning that if you change your everybody's low temperature. If you change your temperature you to not change your intensity much, that means that at the dependence of density and temperature.
Jin-Yi Yu: For this does not have a simple linear behavior. And then when the temperature of water approach.
Jin-Yi Yu: Is freezing point is density January becomes less sensitive to temperature. So at the very core of the core temperature, the density of
Jin-Yi Yu: Water ocean water does not depends much I'm temperature. Instead, it is the pay much on the salinity. So that's the two key points to remember. Remember, first is that the testing of seawater.
Jin-Yi Yu: Not ISA
Jin-Yi Yu: The things dependence of this, the temperature does not have a simple linear form and then when the low temperature. These days, they depend more on the severity. OK.
Jin-Yi Yu: Now let's move on. So what are the main mentioned this in the first or second week of the because basically, I say that
Jin-Yi Yu: are low, we basically the by the ocean SECURITY INTO A Harper ocean circulation and the ocean situation, but inside the app ocean. We have to Layer one is mixed in there in the upper part not directly interact with the atmosphere. So three foxes. One is heat Roxas
Jin-Yi Yu: Circumcised momentum frocks
Jin-Yi Yu: I mean we just trash.
Jin-Yi Yu: In this settle on is fresh.
Jin-Yi Yu: Water
Jin-Yi Yu: Facts. Right. So he says, I see frogs that you're involved in
Jin-Yi Yu: In the interaction between ocean and atmosphere.
Jin-Yi Yu: The pen. Okay, so here already talked about what is the mix there temperatures immunity is where makes inside a particular there.
Jin-Yi Yu: And then some our client is temperature is submitted decreased rapidly. We see another right now let's move on to the mix there first.
Jin-Yi Yu: So it moves today is directly impact with the atmosphere. So three boxes right heat and then
Jin-Yi Yu: We just become a momentum, right, so here
Jin-Yi Yu: So this is the
Jin-Yi Yu: ocean surface.
Jin-Yi Yu: And when we have when passing through the surface or water, you will produce the mechanical steering by winning wave. And then you have this purple mixing inside the upper part of the ocean, which we call mix their secret. We have heat
Jin-Yi Yu: exchange between ocean an atmosphere and he can be carrier is for different component sensible a show a long way since for heat and Nathan he right so he is either the Sunday. This is is
Jin-Yi Yu: Cookie show away. And so this is going to heat our surface at the same time you have fresh
Jin-Yi Yu: Water exchange between a Tomas version and fresh water. It's changed, including totem he preparation and precipitation
Jin-Yi Yu: So your preparation, you make water heavier because take a fresh water out the if the salt in the water and water tends to increase your precipitation. BUT, YOU KNOW, A PIECE potentially add fresh water into the ocean and decrease the severity and now will
Jin-Yi Yu: Increase or decrease the density
Jin-Yi Yu: So basically this ratchet it to us through his
Jin-Yi Yu: Mom when momentum is changed.
Jin-Yi Yu: He exchanged fresh water.
Jin-Yi Yu: Is change, we are going to create two major type of force to becoming the depths of the ocean mix there the momentum. France is called kinetic energy.
Jin-Yi Yu: Mechanical fasting, so
Jin-Yi Yu: They really got kinetic energy surprise through when momentum fraud is one of the two factor to determine attempts of mix there and the other factor is called buoyancy force.
Jin-Yi Yu: Points each generation means change the density of the water and the water up
Jin-Yi Yu: But there's the water can be affected by temperature and salinity and temperature is affected by he fast similarity is affected by fresh water frogs. Right. And so these three
Jin-Yi Yu: Practices can be grouped into to fiscal process to change the effect to determine the mix the attempts. One is through that.
Jin-Yi Yu: Rate of Canada kinetic energy supply of when and the other suitor rate of buoyancy generation.
Jin-Yi Yu: So to make a story single stem a simple basically what we are saying is that whenever you have when you're going to produce mechanical forcing
Jin-Yi Yu: If you have stronger when this force is going to go deeper and deeper and deeper is going to increase the depth of mix there even a week or when then this mission is going to be limited to the very shallow, they have you have ocean, then that's content producers shadow mixer has the
Jin-Yi Yu: Kinetic energy pack then second, if you have a lot of heating into the ocean make ocean wrong.
Jin-Yi Yu: Then what is going to have a lower density and then water is lighter, so it can sink to the pattern easily. So when you have warm water.
Jin-Yi Yu: You're going to produce light.
Jin-Yi Yu: Density
Jin-Yi Yu: And that's going to produce shadow
Jin-Yi Yu: Mix.
Jin-Yi Yu: There.
Jin-Yi Yu: Okay. And then the other is through the fresh water.
Jin-Yi Yu: If you have a lot of precipitation, like this one, then you are going to reduce the Cincinnati and senility reduce the test is going to reduce and then is going to be lighter water and it's difficult to sink to the people part of ocean. They are going to have a shadow
Jin-Yi Yu: Mixer. And then similarly, if you have a novel or conversely, if you have very strong evaporation
Jin-Yi Yu: The tip fresh water away there's similarity is going to increase an ocean. This is going to also increase and milk or water heavy and it's going to sink to the bottom.
Jin-Yi Yu: For deeper part and you're going to produce a deep mix their steps. Okay, that's basically what this slide I'll tell you, and this is
Jin-Yi Yu: What is like the squad is to grow up the process is very important. So you should always remember these two basic
Jin-Yi Yu: physical process to determine the depth of the mix there the first process is how strong the kinetic energy can be surprised into the water. Second is whether or not a heating
Jin-Yi Yu: And fresh water process can increase or decrease the water testing. Okay, now paste this comes up does look at the seasonal variation of the mix their steps.
Jin-Yi Yu: So here, let's look at the here it shows the this is that ocean surface of water and then caught up to about 100 meter. So this is just an example.
Jin-Yi Yu: This step variation can be different from location to location. But here is a very interesting example. So for example, you can see that the deepest mix there.
Jin-Yi Yu: Happen somewhere.
Jin-Yi Yu: In much sees almost 100 meter, then that's when we go to may you see that the mixer there that constant
Jin-Yi Yu: Temperature is only go to somewhere around for 40 to 60 meter, they will go to summer July, because it makes it is even shallower is only about 20 meter.
Jin-Yi Yu: Or you go to for you pass the summer go into for example the form of autumn season they mix the startup increased and when you go to winter.
Jin-Yi Yu: November the means that even deeper in a week of January, even deeper and in much end of the winter season you reach the maximum tax, right. So these you can have an idea during the summertime.
Jin-Yi Yu: The mixes always shadow
Jin-Yi Yu: You in the winter time. The mix is always DEEP Right, that's what this the general information we get from this slide. So what's the reason last summer has a shadow
Jin-Yi Yu: Mix there so we say there are two way to put determine only two factors that determine the mix the depth. One is when how strong when he is and whether or not or first is when
Jin-Yi Yu: And secondly, is how does a heat and
Jin-Yi Yu: Fresh water affect that density. So first let's look at it when because in the summer time, most of the time. For example, if we are in the
Jin-Yi Yu: In outside California for example what season to expect to see strangling over ocean summer or winter.
Jin-Yi Yu: There is or be winter right because winter we have stronger equator to poke temperature difference from equator to Paul can temperature change difference becomes larger. So we are winter stone and we have stronger security. So in the winter time, we always have strong with
Jin-Yi Yu: In summertime always has we call with with a struggle when you winter, then this mixing is going to be stronger must why when we come to the winter season, the mix, they become deeper than in the summertime.
Jin-Yi Yu: Through the kinetic and kinetic energy supply second. Let's look at a density because in the summertime we have another Sunday. Right.
Jin-Yi Yu: And we may have a lot of maybe it is a set us on that in some room for maybe. But I will say mostly
Jin-Yi Yu: Because we have a lot of sunlight very warm right very warm is is going to make water warm water warm has a low intensity and that's why I cannot sync to very deep. But in the winter time, the
Jin-Yi Yu: air temperature is very cold. And then, so make the ocean mother CO and then often seem to have people that and this is those are the main reason that we see a deeper mixer during the wintertime. Then in the summertime.
Jin-Yi Yu: Now let's continue. Move on.
Jin-Yi Yu: So now let's begin to talk about our approach to security in the ocean security. So here, this is overview. This is all speaker in the earlier version or back export the system.
Jin-Yi Yu: And then for some reason in the new version of textbooks, they take it away. But I like this.
Jin-Yi Yu: Feature a lot because it links the first few chapters of this cast together. So you can see that. So these figure basically tell you the reason nature under produce
Jin-Yi Yu: ocean circulation surface ocean security and deep ocean circulation. You can see the order reason come from the top because we have solar heating because our time is system is solar power. Now, who would receive solar
Jin-Yi Yu: Energy and this is the solar energy was not this distributed evenly. There we are going to produce temperature distribution.
Jin-Yi Yu: With the temperature difference from equator, the Pope and we start temperature difference we are going to produce pressure difference in price difference kind of drive we motion in the atmosphere and it must be a very fear has a sick circulation.
Jin-Yi Yu: And now, put your surface would in surface with directly try
Jin-Yi Yu: This surface ocean circulation. And for this one ocean water became the move is going to try to smooth out these equator to poke temperature difference
Jin-Yi Yu: Create initially by solar power. So this is first approach approach a for the ocean. Try to smooth out this group ocean situation and this that driving force on this branch of the of this
Jin-Yi Yu: And this brain me change the color.
Jin-Yi Yu: And this branch.
Jin-Yi Yu: Is through with
Jin-Yi Yu: The ocean Tim try the circulation through density. Yeah.
Jin-Yi Yu: This was wintry when it isn't a test is too because when you are equator, the temperature difference
Jin-Yi Yu: As a result of solar heating and this equator temperature difference is competitive and rainfall different temperature distribution and Lot is going to cost.
Jin-Yi Yu: Density driven water moment moment. And this is become the summer in a secure should become a deep ocean security and these deep ocean security Africa created
Jin-Yi Yu: His goal his mission is try to again by moving water. Sorry. In the deeper part ocean. The ocean try to help try to reduce the equator, the temperature difference
Jin-Yi Yu: Now let's continue going on here.
Jin-Yi Yu: Now the abortion security is showing here and basically you can see that this is the detailed description of ocean. Currently, including all the name here. For example, if you look at the
Jin-Yi Yu: Near in the Pacific outside California here in the Pacific. You can see that our ocean security code Abby's
Jin-Yi Yu: Called a clockwise
Jin-Yi Yu: Right and equator.
Jin-Yi Yu: The equator least Kirk was official number one is called nos Equatorial Current in this current passing through California number tell is called California Curran
Jin-Yi Yu: And this current that across the Pacific from Japan to United States is 11 is called North Pacific current in the current not strike go away goes around from Laura that you to harder you under the Western age of the Pacific Ocean. Now, one is
Jin-Yi Yu: Number six is called crush your current right so even though this whole global securities map look very complicated, but actually you find out if he can simplify this whole thing by noticing that there are certain structure.
Jin-Yi Yu: Operating an inside this complicate map, map. So basically we have one clockwise security here that's called a number one, we have another clockwise security here as Color number two.
Jin-Yi Yu: Then we have another counter clockwise occasion in the southern counterpart of this specific
Jin-Yi Yu: record numbers three
Jin-Yi Yu: And then we have another one in Atlanta.
Jin-Yi Yu: Counterclockwise the car number four.
Jin-Yi Yu: And we have another counterclockwise going on here in the Indian Ocean. We call a number five.
Jin-Yi Yu: Right, and then near the Southern Ocean outside and tactic, we have this very strong current going from west to east go all the way, because there's no land right
Jin-Yi Yu: Of course number six. Okay, but put it on record is going from west, east. You can see these counterclockwise. Here also pulling from west, east
Jin-Yi Yu: west, east, west to east. Right. So by Tunis. You can see that this complicated security is already almost completely account for you just need to
Jin-Yi Yu: Simplify this ocean security into 12345 circle price one big circumpolar security in Korea, Iran Antarctic. And then of course you want to become pre you want to notice that this is another
Jin-Yi Yu: Security colony, get a higher in the polar region in the Northern Hemisphere. This is a support Horace current system. And here's another one in the
Jin-Yi Yu: Atlantic and then that's how so this complicate global surface current, current system can be easily understood by focusing, for example, has come down is 12345 we call some chocolate giant
Jin-Yi Yu: We have 45 of them and press one circumpolar
Jin-Yi Yu: In Catholic circumpolar security and pass to these two system we call a sub folder.
Jin-Yi Yu: Situation or Jaya.
Jin-Yi Yu: Right so fighting subtropical child process to support plus one.
Jin-Yi Yu: And Patty Circumpolar Current not tell the story about our global current system so simple. Now let's continue seems loza
Jin-Yi Yu: Subtropical jack occupy most of the ocean surface area. So these cars, try to focus on understanding what create those five Sub Pop Culture system.
Jin-Yi Yu: And the name is Jay is called North Pacific Gyre sauce procedure is no specific South Pacific North America.
Jin-Yi Yu: South South Atlantic and Indian Ocean giant totally fine. And then here you notice that this church system has a name. They are God traffic jam. Yeah. The reason is because all these child reason you have situation. For example, does look at his North Pacific Gyre this one.
Jin-Yi Yu: And now we notice the current going which the Russian
Jin-Yi Yu: Clockwise or counterclockwise anyone
Jin-Yi Yu: Nobody. This is going around us.
Jin-Yi Yu: Clockwise. So curation. So in the Northern Hemisphere, in order to produce a crop crisis situation, what kind of pressure system which you will have high pressure low pressure in the center in order to produce
Jin-Yi Yu: A clockwise situation anyone
Kyle Manley: High pressure
Jin-Yi Yu: High pressure
Jin-Yi Yu: Thank you very much.
Kyle.
Jin-Yi Yu: So you should be high here for you. It is in the thermosphere to be a high pressure system. Right. You're not a must be high pressure, meaning what meaning you are here on the poor.
Jin-Yi Yu: And then
Jin-Yi Yu: You look at a cotton a above you, this topic, I must fear.
Jin-Yi Yu: And amount of air here is more than the car next to you, right. That's why we call high pressure, but in the ocean. What does it mean ocean has higher pressure
Jin-Yi Yu: Meaning that ocean water.
Jin-Yi Yu: Goes up we
Jin-Yi Yu: Were in who so you have ocean that means
Jin-Yi Yu: But for some reason, this is fishes here.
Jin-Yi Yu: Right. And then for some reason that
Jin-Yi Yu: In this part of the water, it goes up higher than the surrounding area. And then if you are fish here, right, if you are at a point A right underneath this point a computer compared to edit this point B is not a wreck MacArthur use let's use this car.
Jin-Yi Yu: No, that's not good. Let's use this car here.
Jin-Yi Yu: At point B, the water column, the column of water.
Jin-Yi Yu: Here the whole column.
Jin-Yi Yu: Is taller than the nearby column A and C, right, so then this area from here.
Jin-Yi Yu: to here to here to here to here to here, it has high pressure. And then, so we'll see surface go up, then you have a high pressure and then water will go clockwise
Jin-Yi Yu: Around this one. So these are I'm telling you that the subtropical Jaya should be is a high pressure in the water and so sea surface on this area to go higher. And that's exactly what we saw. Who are we going to show here.
Jin-Yi Yu: In the sutra picture.
Jin-Yi Yu: Here.
Jin-Yi Yu: This is NASA kopecks suffer image of the sea surface high right and these soccer. I basically is to what it does is that he put the GPS receiver on the put a GPS receiver. I'm the Sutra and then GPS signal signal to the surface and the riffraff back and the height of this
Jin-Yi Yu: But the height of the location of this water was made by this GPS receiver on this Sutra, so by calculating the kind of signal travel, it can figure out how high the surface is
Jin-Yi Yu: So these subtle a picture, tell us that this is United States North America this Europe if you see that in the Atlantic Ocean. She service is very is
Jin-Yi Yu: Low, low, low, low, low, when you approach the United States North America, you see some is co op. So you look at a cross section is basically saying, water is like these these these is Europe, see the sea surface, look at us and then we come to North America.
Jin-Yi Yu: See servers become get higher, higher, higher and then only come to the coast. He dropped out.
Jin-Yi Yu: Right. Of course, these high increase is probably on our auto supper centimeter. So we can really see the sea surface go up to higher over the
Jin-Yi Yu: Western side of the Atlantic by our naked eye, but a satellite do nice GPS calculation you can show that you actually produce a high pressure here.
Jin-Yi Yu: So when I spent all this time to tell you this story that there is a high pressure because all this
Jin-Yi Yu: Your favorite fruit dynamic systems theory that I'm going to describe to you is trying to tell you why in the subtropical ocean back north Atlantic, the CCE of a side or your co op fine wine or system is article up. And the reason for that is all coming from mix their waters transport.
Jin-Yi Yu: Sodas fanciful physical theory to explain the why we have Apple ocean security, the whole theory has to begin to explain why she surface can get a higher recognition.
Jin-Yi Yu: Behind that is North America, Europe can see she service goes out why it goes up here and then that's the order explanation coming from these
Jin-Yi Yu: Turn a common transport. Okay, so the first step, explain why we have Apple ocean circulation has to do, who East something with Paul Ekman there. And then you say, what is the relationship between X Men echo Monday and mix there.
Jin-Yi Yu: Okay, mix. There is just the laser therapy in contact with the atmosphere in the field of the motion of atmosphere and Aikido are the most common layer is another story echo. My name is not necessary, the same as mix of the echo Monday. So this is the layer of ocean.
Jin-Yi Yu: Not the rock remixed by cheek and we found the atmosphere. So it directly produce a constant temperature here.
Jin-Yi Yu: But a command there is that that is the tap of ocean that field effect of when
Jin-Yi Yu: This effect is not necessary therapy, but the wind blowing sort of ocean surface in the ocean water will move, try to follow the win and then doing some complicated story.
Jin-Yi Yu: It didn't exactly follow that the Russian when in all water, but the whole depths of ocean whenever the top from the top to all the way to the bottom where the ocean can feel
Jin-Yi Yu: The effect.
Jin-Yi Yu: Of when is called a common. There we go. So this day is not the same as mix there. But this is a physical concert. Right. That's an endoscope backwards. What we need to talk about our because only after you talk about the excrement there, then we'll come to a conclusion that water.
Jin-Yi Yu: In the subtropics sea surface in a subtropical ocean subtropical Pacific subtropical Atlantic need to go up like the way we saw here as soon as the water pipe up
Jin-Yi Yu: Somewhere in this subtract ocean you try the motion su to
Jin-Yi Yu: Straw fake balance.
Jin-Yi Yu: And then the become our apple
Jin-Yi Yu: Ocean.
Jin-Yi Yu: So killed a shirt. So let me go back a step by step to set a host on. I just want to know why we mention the next day or a commander, all these things. OK.
Jin-Yi Yu: Now,
Jin-Yi Yu: Go back to the sub topic job.
Jin-Yi Yu: Okay, hear me some chocolate Jaya. This one, you can see that
Jin-Yi Yu: The subtropical chair.
Jin-Yi Yu: Is this one and then we know that
Jin-Yi Yu: Inside each sub pop culture. So we have five Sub Pop culture, even though they are located a different ocean basing but they all share similar property and what is the most
Jin-Yi Yu: Obvious property of all those giant first they all have a for lack of separation each giant including for component of current one is called eastern boundary current here.
Jin-Yi Yu: And there on the ocean has watched them boundary current and then to the north. That was driven by the West Wing.
Jin-Yi Yu: Is called Western retrieve and current and then surface we in the equator is from east to west. Okay, this area is called trailing three with current
Jin-Yi Yu: So no matter how you name. Each of these jack in the North Pacific. They are corresponding to these four components western country curry Eastern pump recurrent tray when
Jin-Yi Yu: Driven current and what's the driven current. And then, for example, if you look at this one here. The Easter Bunny current for nonspecific is called California Current
Jin-Yi Yu: So do not call us those current directory Jesse was Eastern family because each ocean pacing has his own eastern boundary pair curry is on western boundary current. So, but we still need to keep each of these current a name, right, and that's why
Jin-Yi Yu: We have this one how California Current the Western Barney Korea for no specific job is Coke, Russia and eastern boundary current for North Atlantic jar is called
Jin-Yi Yu: I don't know how to pronounce that our can any was there Kennedy.
Jin-Yi Yu: Me creameries number 20 right cannery Karen is the eastern by the current of North North Atlanta in western Bonnie current of North Asia is is called called strip right 21 here.
Jin-Yi Yu: Is we are and then you can see that all these so yeah please follow me to remember those name because going to make your life easier when you read the paper, you know what, which
Jin-Yi Yu: However, upload the image in that paper, it should be very strong, very slow or very what what kind of property or could the paper mention about you can just
Jin-Yi Yu: Decide that current mentioned in the paper is Eastern body western boundary current is a traveling current or was was the truth and current. So here you can see
Jin-Yi Yu: These Eastern Barney Karen western boundary current Eastern pump very clever western boundary code for each jar. They have their own name right, this is
Jin-Yi Yu: What's the boundary eastern boundary curry Eastern punt return here is South Pacific. The Easter Bunny curious copy and current
Jin-Yi Yu: And western boundary current is called East Australia Curran and the India. The eastern boundary curries Western Australia current and is Western on the current is what's our costs alcohols 16 our costs current right so
Jin-Yi Yu: Inside is number 12345 Jaya. They eastern and western Barry current has their own name and was named after name after them. The
Jin-Yi Yu: geographic location next tracker. And then here is the one I want you to remember the trailing driven current for nose at no specific job and the tray when driven current for the North Atlantic jack they share the same name. Okay. They are all call what
Jin-Yi Yu: Nice equatoria current. So, these are called knows it equatorial Kurt an easy. He is called lost it could occur. And then here.
Jin-Yi Yu: The trailing dream and current 40 South Pacific. Also going from east to west and me children driven current for South Atlantic Jaya and traveling driven current for Indian Ocean, ocean,
Jin-Yi Yu: They are on. See the October Semyon number three. Number three. Number three, they all call cells equatorial occur. So we don't keep different name for the tray when driven current
Jin-Yi Yu: Whatever. If this job is in the Northern Hemisphere. Yes, it's trailing driven career is called nos equatorial most equatorial reoccurrence
Jin-Yi Yu: Of order subtropical check in the southern hemisphere.
Jin-Yi Yu: Is trailing driven is true and true. That is true interview is also always call South equatoria current on it. So I'm talking about parties as from my own experience when I was a graduate student, I read a paper.
Jin-Yi Yu: I don't know what they are talking about ways the nose equatorial. What is the source equatorial occur. And what's the relative doc relationship internal geographic okay so remember knows Equatorial Current sounds equatorial their neighbor there on
Jin-Yi Yu: On on this on each side of these equatorial area. OK, now let's try to name the this Wednesday with West, the West, the wind driven current here for nonspecific is called North Pacific current 11am for
Jin-Yi Yu: For North Atlantic
Jin-Yi Yu: Jack is called North Atlantic Current so it's very easy North Pacific current North Atlantic area. Now what about east, west, the tree Wesley, we wouldn't treat Western driven current for the South Pacific South Atlantic and
Jin-Yi Yu: Indian curry. There's no name because they become part of this number four. Number four. What is number four. Number four is
Jin-Yi Yu: Is all call we asked when drift. Okay, so
Jin-Yi Yu: This was the wind driven for South Pacific is called Western we drift, the West. They went driven current form South Atlantic is called Western the winter. If the
Jin-Yi Yu: Western women driven current for the Indian Ocean is also called West, the wintry Okay everybody, try to exercise. Hold on, I can name all these current the name or the current for always fi jar system. Okay, now
Jin-Yi Yu: I spend all our time just trying to help you to Armenia yourself on how to remember all these current of each of the child because they have a certain
Jin-Yi Yu: Convention to name the the system, see the trend driven is either nos Equatorial Current
Jin-Yi Yu: Or sauce Equatorial Current depends on which are we are talking about. Where's the room driven for nonspecific is cannot specifically current and for
Jin-Yi Yu: An authentic is called North Atlantic Current only these Western Bonnie current a eastern boundary current because they were trapped by
Jin-Yi Yu: Then mass. So they have a particular name to relate to that landmass that this curtain is is located. OK, so now let's describe a property of all this current system. So first, you can see that
Jin-Yi Yu: He wants to Bonnie current is the jet stream of the ocean. So this is the current among the among these for lack of the sub sub culture. This is the fastest
Jin-Yi Yu: The ocean water motor fast and it's very deep his brain out see
Jin-Yi Yu: These tools in fast and narrow, they should be should come together because we have water coming down from one side of chai. Let's assume other coming down at 100 unit.
Jin-Yi Yu: Right when we turn issue return 100 unit. But what's the boundary is so fast. How can you make 100
Jin-Yi Yu: If you have run fast transport, but you can only try spot you the same as this 100 unit. So it is autumn on the western side must be the current must be very, very narrow, so he has fast and narrow, so we speed times is always
Jin-Yi Yu: Right. He's a very high speed. Right.
Jin-Yi Yu: Very high speed at the bay. Now that pathway is called an equal to under this is western and eastern boundary car race, though, but he has very wide.
Jin-Yi Yu: That with see the
Jin-Yi Yu: For the Easter Bunny current. It is very slow, very shallow embrace broker. So these site will transport the same amount of water.
Jin-Yi Yu: And saltwater assemblers these water nozzle. OK, and then traveling to Japan, his mother, his shadow and pro so you don't need to necessarily remember
Jin-Yi Yu: The other two but you definitely need to remember that western country code is very fast and then Eastern Parker is very slow. Okay. So now why in order to make the because they are cheers traffic current
Jin-Yi Yu: When they're to traffic there will be is really to how strong the depression gradient is in order to produce very high motion, the pressure gradient on the western side of the chair must be very, very large. What does the pressure gradient very dodgy means, meaning the centerpiece here.
Jin-Yi Yu: Look at a sea surface hi co op in our circle a picture.
Jin-Yi Yu: Yeah.
Jin-Yi Yu: Okay, here.
Jin-Yi Yu: This is the precious surface is one precious nine to question I see pressure
Jin-Yi Yu: For pressure and I can see that on the western part of the giant
Jin-Yi Yu: The pressure nine pack together. Okay, so that means the water ocean water go up to produce high pressure instead of symmetrically.
Jin-Yi Yu: Go up in the middle it push
Jin-Yi Yu: This coin up to
Jin-Yi Yu: Once Western side and try to pile up most of water on the western side. So we have may based on higher pressure here. And then, so that's why
Jin-Yi Yu: The pressure gradient become very, very strong. And then the western boundary code across your culturing become very strong okay so
Jin-Yi Yu: What I try to tell you is that because Western on the current are used to America and western boundary can have a different speed means the pressure distribution cannot be symmetric. It has to be
Jin-Yi Yu: Skilled power the western side of the ocean. Okay, come to our site and all the speech physical we try to try to explain, for example, Moscow here.
Jin-Yi Yu: See
Jin-Yi Yu: What is it
Jin-Yi Yu: Let me go down.
Jin-Yi Yu: To your favorite fruit dynamic law. See, they try to
Jin-Yi Yu: Explain.
Jin-Yi Yu: Why the western boundary current is stronger, then
Jin-Yi Yu: I'll go back to our of our nation when I go to that slide. Now, that's what they call a symmetric
Jin-Yi Yu: even look at a snake I show you these factories seems to involve a lot of most nothing but I'm not gonna close to almost nothing. I'm going to show you the most money, but I'm going to talk about physics, meaning how bye bye bye that
Jin-Yi Yu: Most magical formula. Okay, so don't get scared by August mathematic formula. Okay, let me go back to that for the property up for leg of these these giant
Jin-Yi Yu: Okay and I finish talking about our most important thing is the western boundary current a eastern boundary Kern they do not have similar similar similar property. But now let's continue to explain why we produce those
Jin-Yi Yu: Different kind of why we have this
Jin-Yi Yu: Crap wise juice traffic current and why the eastern size is brother in which this is narrow. Okay. At one point, and we're going to use this one to expand the use the
Jin-Yi Yu: Rotation or record of all the city to explain this why based on fiscal when these startup what you're located in this conquest way.
Jin-Yi Yu: Is Eastern side must be very broad very slow in Hawaii is Eastern so it has to be natural and very fast. Okay, we'll come to that point should probably talk about a physical effect. Now let's continue.
Jin-Yi Yu: This discussion western boundary current is moving very, very far. It is it transfer huge amount of water, so I'm probably need to introduce this
Jin-Yi Yu: The end. We can't use to describe how much water transport in ocean and that unit is called symmetric say backdrop is the person that come up with the theory to explain this.
Jin-Yi Yu: Subtropical system. Right. And once you were traveling equal to one, meaning cubic meter of water to transport by every second. And to give you idea about was what
Jin-Yi Yu: What how once the backdrop means you can see that the Amazon River only transport 0.17 civil and for the Western bounty current
Jin-Yi Yu: It's transpose A 57 which is almost 500 times of the amount of water transport by Amazon River. Okay, that's a huge amount of water transport by these very strong Western Banneker ok now let's try to explain a physical
Jin-Yi Yu: Before we thought that we needed to keep a history historical view about his theory that has been developing developed to explain the winter even situation. So first important of course is a common right that's a common
Jin-Yi Yu: There, we're going to talk about our explanation begin from here because he's the first one to tell you how, when what is the first step that first
Jin-Yi Yu: Step that when when Dr ocean. What happened, and we're going to explain that is going to push water to move and the way the watermelon is is not exactly as we expect then server drop data continue to
Jin-Yi Yu: So a command is only describing the oceans how ocean know in the very upper
Jin-Yi Yu: 10s of meters 200 meters of water 10s of meters, and this is a common
Jin-Yi Yu: And that we passing through, and then see what I tell you that because the Ackerman water transport the sea surface hi here.
Jin-Yi Yu: Instead, is flat is going to go up because I just described to you whopper is going to pile up right in the middle of this
Jin-Yi Yu: Picture.
Jin-Yi Yu: Here.
Jin-Yi Yu: The water is kind of go up here because of a comment, transport and then she'd like to tell you that because the water go up now.
Jin-Yi Yu: Because of spiritual transport then is going to try
Jin-Yi Yu: So in the first element tell you the wind.
Jin-Yi Yu: Is going to drive ocean. The move from surface, and more. And then at a very pattern or a common there.
Jin-Yi Yu: There's no motion so below excellent near water no longer
Jin-Yi Yu: Blue by the wind directory okay but civic drop tell you that
Jin-Yi Yu: After you produce author motion inside is a common layer this economy is going to push the water surface to go up this go up, it's going to produce a
Jin-Yi Yu: High pressure in the author. These high pressure is going to try
Jin-Yi Yu: Clockwise situation.
Jin-Yi Yu: Circulation not go all the way underneath the pattern of a common there and then similar to tell you that these all these motion until the oceans water stop.
Jin-Yi Yu: Into this that use trafficker and stop this whole day is costly venture and then or the or the water moving inside is there is co civic truck transport in. He is the arm developing theory to tell you so.
Jin-Yi Yu: Up our ocean security whichever one tree security, including a commander and then encoding. Also, the day that they build a commander. Okay, so, Stephen. What is the one really describe ease, but the way that the current is crime.
Jin-Yi Yu: Is going to look at is, so this is equator year this is so authentic we not, and this is North America. For example, this is ASIA. ASIA right and then we have traveling in the equatorial region we have Western we in the hierarchy region right
Jin-Yi Yu: And then, similar to tell you, or she is going to correct this way south, south, but we know the
Jin-Yi Yu: DC North America, South America.
Jin-Yi Yu: And also North Pacific Gyre we know is going to moderate this
Jin-Yi Yu: Right clockwise and then it's very simple. The California Current is
Jin-Yi Yu: California code has a very broad.
Jin-Yi Yu: Area. So it's almost look like this looks
Jin-Yi Yu: almost look like
Jin-Yi Yu: Look at
Jin-Yi Yu: What similar to tell you. Right. However, only very western boundary current the waters. You go back from south to north, which was not
Jin-Yi Yu: cannot be explained by Stephen drops theory because similar to tell you why. Because you go south from north to south. And also, of course, the whole pacing. So he's series only express Eastern country. Correct. Why it is going sauce on it is until we
Jin-Yi Yu: Have data. The stammer
Jin-Yi Yu: Developing a theory to tell you to tell us
Jin-Yi Yu: What's the reason that this social movement expressed by syrup drop has to be reverse that the Russian on the western town. The current
Jin-Yi Yu: And that's what stammers contribution so basically at and we are going to expand this right, we're going to be able to produce such a picture because this picture exactly match the North Pacific Gyre current that we observed in the North Pacific or in Salisbury going
Jin-Yi Yu: West and going north and then is right. We want to explain this. So now we know in order to come to this one, we need to mention street person first person is a common
Jin-Yi Yu: A common is going to tell us why Walker need to hire up see service. I need to call up
Jin-Yi Yu: Insight into a common transport and then after this call up
Jin-Yi Yu: Syrup is going to tell you how this part of the current up with us and stumble is going to tell you how this Western pumping current cut cut produced. Okay. Everybody follow that. Now let's talk about the
Jin-Yi Yu: Transport so
Jin-Yi Yu: Our service currently Jaya this every call is sub
Jin-Yi Yu: Tropical
Jin-Yi Yu: Jar.
Jin-Yi Yu: Is a traffic jam right so happens that inside recommendation we put deals
Jin-Yi Yu: We have current control by search survey friction and Corey AWS force and then we're going to produce excellent transport transport is going to go inside a same area so basic is that nice
Jin-Yi Yu: We have one friend here.
Jin-Yi Yu: This equator.
Jin-Yi Yu: This is certainly the queen nos right and then we have trail when co from east to west. The equator from west to east and we not an excellent transport is going to
Jin-Yi Yu: Push water at 90 degree angle here in the 90 degree angle. So water is kind of go in here going here going here. And this is trying to go south and they converge at the middle. So he will need to print these sea surface instead of flat surface. We got a print these sea surface to go up.
Jin-Yi Yu: In the middle
Jin-Yi Yu: Between 30 degree in AWS and equator. The water need to go up.
Jin-Yi Yu: Okay, because we have a common transport that come meet each other at the middle of the between equator inserted we not and that's what we are going to
Jin-Yi Yu: Explain here and then after that you're going to push this summer crank up and down and the producer cheers traffic current
Jin-Yi Yu: And that you're sorry current is related to what we call the symmetric transport. Okay, so let's continue first look at is what happens service when we have one here in the West, that we hear it and you expect that
Jin-Yi Yu: When we have when on this direction. This is water from the surface to the second year first there. What else you want a second year, so therefore they have if they are communicating and then we put it within here.
Jin-Yi Yu: And what he's going to try to track producer tracking effect efficient that in parallel to this one. And we try to push the first layer of racing, they have other to move in this
Jin-Yi Yu: In this big
Jin-Yi Yu: Big arrow sign. But when a bit of water became the moon, you feel the Coriolis force Coriolis force. Try to go 90 degree to his motion.
Jin-Yi Yu: So these freshmen for us try to push go same way as the win. Because for us. So attention. Add another force to is
Jin-Yi Yu: Right angle and these full force editor Kayla have become this scenario night so at the end. The ocean water didn't go exactly in the same direction as the wheel. Instead, it was about 2030 degree to East right so this first day of water is kind of go this way.
Jin-Yi Yu: And when he got his way is going to produce a friction for see
Jin-Yi Yu: exactly parallel to this on the second day or water and when a secondary order to try to move farther is actually this this friction of the Russian calling us force comes in to
Jin-Yi Yu: To push you to note to come about 2030 degree to East right and then so the water actually go this way. Secondly,
Jin-Yi Yu: Secondly, a lot of actual cohesive way is going to produce a tradition for us here in parallel on the survey and assembling the study a lot of fun. It really began to move Coriolis force, try to push through. Right. So he actually call this way. So you can see that the surface water.
Jin-Yi Yu: For a second day according to a survey echo here and the criteria rotated to is right. So, first day ago here. Secondly, and Cuban county for Nicole deeper and deeper because Dr. Dre and efficient quietly comes in. So the influence of
Jin-Yi Yu: Surgery on the first day become a smarter and influence of forcing it to the SP fear even smaller even smaller. And at some point in the day out in
Jin-Yi Yu: The water no longer influenced by the way. Right. So then that's we call it when we ended. We can call it a comment there, but the the bottom recommend near or or you can define a commander in the other way. But basic information we get from this economic theory is that the ocean water.
Jin-Yi Yu: Up a few meters of 10s of meter water actually do not go to not move in the same direction as the will. Okay, because
Jin-Yi Yu: Look, the Russian author is going to keep on rotating a different angle and producing this spiral.
Jin-Yi Yu: Distribution of the water direction from a surface to the bottom I commanded. And this viral is called Ackerman spiral. OK, so now the key in there are two key information to
Jin-Yi Yu: Who remember from here. So these telling you that how much water is going to be affected to feed a win win for thing and
Jin-Yi Yu: Modal author not hope Connor them all the locker is called a common there. And as I said, this is not the Mitch there. Actually, I believe this is going to be deeper than mix there. Okay.
Jin-Yi Yu: So does a first information. The second information is that water at from a surface to immediately underneath the different there is going to rotate a different angle. So if you integrate from the surface of water.
Jin-Yi Yu: To the bottom
Jin-Yi Yu: Of the Ekman there.
Jin-Yi Yu: You have it integrated their water transport transport transport by the author and then you find out that the toll toll the net.
Jin-Yi Yu: Direction of a lotta movement short a whole element there is actually this quite arrow here.
Jin-Yi Yu: In this prayer we find out. That's exactly 90 degree to the wind direction. That's the second thing we want to know. So now we have ocean surface when passing through, and each if there is more a different direction. And then the whole layer of echo in their
Jin-Yi Yu: Water direction is exactly 90 degrees to the right of this wind direction of it. And that's the spirit of everything we are corners express about is up ocean situation because only when we
Jin-Yi Yu: Expressed it extremities. Then we are going to bring the sea surface to go up due to this.
Jin-Yi Yu: Property beckerman travel this already is water movement that deal to surface, who is caught a common transport and now
Jin-Yi Yu: We're going to find out that because the common trunk port. So, I suppose, always to the right 90 degree of the interaction. So remember, if we have equator here.
Jin-Yi Yu: Is certainly the winners here equator. We have easterly when this one and it's 30 degree we have West Wing here because of chocolate.
Jin-Yi Yu: Is located between somewhere on equator to serve the Queen, not a quitter to certain degree south, and so we are it in there. It is trapped between this history when traveling and Wesley wink and now when these when push
Jin-Yi Yu: The water.
Jin-Yi Yu: In a certain Tab A comment and then the whole day, a lot of influence by this will produce a transport us exactly 90 degree to the right so easily. We know we call here Western United Way to the right here and they can see they will make water converge between
Jin-Yi Yu: Equator is city cleaner water goes most an otter emitter is going to be higher because they have nowhere to go. Right. So here, this is the equator. This is 30 degree not water, try to push here, but as a push you. And there's nowhere to go. And then, so the sea level has the are
Jin-Yi Yu: In the middle of this equation, so that it will not. And that's why, as I say, that's the key, key, key facts to try be up ocean security. So a common transport, try to do this job. So everybody follow my argument at this point.
Jin-Yi Yu: Okay, now
Jin-Yi Yu: Look at here.
Jin-Yi Yu: This is we're going to come back to the speaker again. Okay, so here you see the symmetric transports here at the element transparency already so all series going to express going to be in this picture. So raska familiar with can also familiar with this picture. So here, this is the equator.
Jin-Yi Yu: And this is to the east, and this is to the north, right. This is to the north here and this is 30 degree not connecting up again.
Jin-Yi Yu: Equator, so that it will not. So, most important, the whole story began from this record when so at the equator, the equator, where he's come from east west. That's why we call this way is negative value by and then go summaries is politically, not what became to see Westerly we're here.
Jin-Yi Yu: That's why we have this profile.
Jin-Yi Yu: This is the most important provide this is when is going to try our ocean motion.
Jin-Yi Yu: So when here because travel is going east is from east, west, and they will know that is going to produce a common transport.
Jin-Yi Yu: To the right, we saw an NGO that is
Jin-Yi Yu: So it's going to produce
Jin-Yi Yu: Through, right, to the right, to the right. And then when for the Wednesday, which is called the transport to arrive to arrive through right you can see that
Jin-Yi Yu: Between equator and about me to witness the elements and smoke or loss or. That's why it's showing here now. So nozzle and because we change from
Jin-Yi Yu: Negative value is really to positive value was the when the excellent choice for also change direction.
Jin-Yi Yu: For you from salsa salsa and they are going to meet each other right in the middle and then when they meet each other in the middle between the equator and certainly could not be a Syrah
Jin-Yi Yu: See they woke up. Hi are here.
Jin-Yi Yu: Instead of flat.
Jin-Yi Yu: Sea surface. The sea service cut Paya
Jin-Yi Yu: In the middle between equator seddiqui last right and when the sun comes up on a surface. We also push some okay Dakota because, as I told you at the beginning of quarter how ocean has a surface here and this is more crime.
Jin-Yi Yu: And similar Christ more like a plastic
Jin-Yi Yu: It doesn't allow water go up and down above or below it doesn't a lot in the mix. So this is more sealed the black water and then
Jin-Yi Yu: So now when you have water comes in from aside from aside and you can accumulate a welcome as here talking to talking to you need to raise the sea surface go higher.
Jin-Yi Yu: In order to accommodate this
Jin-Yi Yu: Accumulation of water mass and the airways, you also push the summer Chronicle down
Jin-Yi Yu: Okay, so since surface high when it got up. We know immediately the sermon cry Moscow, that if sea surface chi go down. We know immediately that see similar crime must also must go up. Right. So if we have
Jin-Yi Yu: See stuff is the criteria.
Jin-Yi Yu: Then we know is similar crime must look at this
Jin-Yi Yu: This is more crime.
Jin-Yi Yu: This is see surface high right and so they always this toasting walk in a similar way to decide how much watermelon can be accommodate here, but this is a very, very important concept because also my experience, when I was a graduate student, I read a paper right because NASA
Jin-Yi Yu: always tried to freak out what happened underneath the ocean in the summertime by looking at sea surface high when seen service go. Hi, then
Jin-Yi Yu: semi colon person's service Colton so kind of go, Okay, this is a very important concept here. So here you see because author pie up here, COZY COZY, AND THEN so see service. Hi, has the co op so McRae as go down, then what is going to produce some high pressure here. No pressure here.
Jin-Yi Yu: Okay, so here this is the most important element transport. Okay. I hope you can are sleeping because this is a very, very important.
Jin-Yi Yu: Concept of the general circulation. OK, so now let's see, because of transport is is the equator. This is certain degree not, you can see that
Jin-Yi Yu: When is called this way and then where's the way here. So the trailing push water knows what he was doing push water code salsa and they meet each other in he told us why.
Jin-Yi Yu: Can see see devil rays. The middle of the ocean, right. These are, and as soon as they they push the system is go up some mechanical town, then. So that's the reason we have these when we talk about a commander.
Jin-Yi Yu: What kind of force involved surface when tracking effect cross Coriolis effect.
Jin-Yi Yu: Right, and we produce a command transport economic trends will converge into the middle of the jar. He produced pressure gradient and impressively is going to try to solve recurring and this just for the current, as we can see here
Jin-Yi Yu: As we see here this geo sorry current actually is not maniac inside this. There you go. All
Jin-Yi Yu: This
Jin-Yi Yu: Go, we're in the water all the way underneath the summer crime. Okay.
Jin-Yi Yu: Okay. And that, but pretty much basic tell us because of the trailer and it was 30 when would potentially recommend
Jin-Yi Yu: Transport converge to the middle and we produce a high pressure at the center of a chair and when it is high pressure that use traffic patterns, tell us that circulation has to move
Jin-Yi Yu: Counter clockwise, because as we say cheers tropical jams traffic patterns.
Jin-Yi Yu: Thanks for clearing that up when we have when here, you need to produce high pressure on East right low pressure to is that, see now since we have high here, then the way to make high pressure to his right, is that we always move in this way. So we move
Jin-Yi Yu: Clockwise so high pressure is on your right hand side and that is spreading the reason why we produce all these giant system and then. Okay, so then continue after this civil
Jin-Yi Yu: Civil show that the security in the upper cannot meet also are all she's directly to the curve or boisterous oh my goodness, that's where
Jin-Yi Yu: We are going to make a headache because a lot of people do not occur this terminology I don't buy to either. Okay, so I'm going to stop here and continue next Tuesday to discuss the most difficult part of this circulation theory that's the form we talk about safety retro
Jin-Yi Yu: Transport and then start now is going to tell us that Western on the current, the Eastern political should not be symmetric issue be very
Jin-Yi Yu: Different right and that's a series going to put some as difficult as a civil war theory and then basically it and we are going to come to this picture.
Jin-Yi Yu: Yeah, so I will definitely ask you to feel in this picture in the final exam. Okay, so we have an equator, too.
Jin-Yi Yu: Much pot and we have Eastern you in the tropical region Westerly we most of the 30 degree to 60 degree in us and from 60 to 90 who have east the surface we and then they are common transport. So a comment transport only care about when they're actually directly with
Jin-Yi Yu: And then, but after they produce excrement converging divergent is called push some of up and down and Nicole, try to stop the current and that will produce what we call this supernatural transport.
Jin-Yi Yu: And symmetric transport is of course being to win through this excrement. But, however, this is a mathematical formula for symmetric transport.
Jin-Yi Yu: This is a common transport. This is a better transport facilities here so called power.
Jin-Yi Yu: Is the when stress the friction force produced by when you can see a comment transposed directly relate to winter Russian but a symmetric transport is related to how we can change in north south direction. Okay, so let's these one is what we call
Jin-Yi Yu: Wins trust curve.
Jin-Yi Yu: That's where is more complicated. And I assume
Jin-Yi Yu: A lot. You do not know what wins trust curve is so I'm going to stop here and explain it on Tuesday on the studies that show
Jin-Yi Yu: And then I'm very much behind schedule. So I'm sinking to add additional lecture using the office hours on Wednesday are not, you know, when I needed to do that.
Jin-Yi Yu: And also today's we are going to have a homework, do your next Thursday. And I will send you the location as an email to tell you the location of the homework, either before the end of today or sometime on Friday tomorrow. Okay, stop here. Thank you.
Jin-Yi Yu: Everybody. Thank you. Bye.