Jin-Yi Yu: And not wait for one more minute.
Jin-Yi Yu: anyone has questions, please just unmute your microphone and
Jin-Yi Yu: Raise your question.
Jin-Yi Yu: Well, today.
Jin-Yi Yu: Publish a post the homework.
Jin-Yi Yu: After 1pm and please go to Canvas to do the homework and in the homeboys 20 something multiple choice questions and three is a simple question.
Jin-Yi Yu: And for us, three simple question, please explain your answer. And also, if there's a need for calculation pre show me your calculation. So these are first i doing homework with Canvas. So there may be some problem. If you find out is any problem with the homework, please just
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Jin-Yi Yu: Pre test, email me and then I'll try to address the issue.
Jin-Yi Yu: Yeah you you tell you just you just join us. I was tearing Utah's not in yet just me.
Jin-Yi Yu: Yeah.
Jin-Yi Yu: You you built out I was telling the class that the homework for this week will
Jin-Yi Yu: Appear on canvas. After 1pm and anyone has a problem with the homework, please just
Jin-Yi Yu: Email me. Okay. And let me see that study rupture. I'll share the screen.
Jin-Yi Yu: So can anybody see the PowerPoint coming out, or just the my my my laptop.
Jin-Yi Yu: You can see it.
Jin-Yi Yu: You can see the partner. So in case during the lecture, you realize I didn't switch to the right screen, please.
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Jin-Yi Yu: Stop, stop it, and then
Jin-Yi Yu: Discussion Akiyama spherical property. So, as I say, low Saudi Kibera all we need to
Jin-Yi Yu: describe to us to describe the atmospheric of property and in this chapter, we're going to focus on these three things.
Jin-Yi Yu: And because normally Mariano when and vertical when those are related to energy. So we are going to talk about Los motion power of the atmosphere in a later chapter and in the first three chapters, try to talk about just the energy patterns.
Jin-Yi Yu: Hope our system, our atmosphere. So we are corner mostly talk about temperature, pressure and humanity.
Jin-Yi Yu: So now.
Jin-Yi Yu: As I say, we know temperature I emphasize last time temperature mean it is represent how much internal energy is contained by in the in the air of atmosphere.
Jin-Yi Yu: And that's a physical meaning of this variable and the only we are all know that is either in Fahrenheit or Celsius or Kelvin decreasing
Jin-Yi Yu: Right. So in scientifically, we mostly use Celsius or Kelvin Kelvin is a international standard unit right as everybody knows that we have to set up international
Jin-Yi Yu: Union system either sell CDs centimeter grand second. So this is mine. This is mass
Jin-Yi Yu: And this is the lens.
Jin-Yi Yu: Or you can do it as a kid awkward kilometer.
Jin-Yi Yu: CTS and
Jin-Yi Yu: Sorry.
Jin-Yi Yu: This one is CTS
Jin-Yi Yu: Centimeter
Jin-Yi Yu: Graham and second oldest
Jin-Yi Yu: MKS right meter kilogram. Second, so most of our discussion on a formula is going to be mostly based on meter kilogram second
Jin-Yi Yu: Right. So when we are working on these international standard unit then the temperature should be in a unit of
Jin-Yi Yu: Kevin degree. What does that mean that if you have a formula you say that, for example, y equal to a plus b.
Jin-Yi Yu: Times to we say how much radiation is is emitted by any black party amount of radiation is equal to
Jin-Yi Yu: A constant times the power of four. And when you use this formula to calculate how much radiation Frank's is produced by an black party object. The September to teach them.
Jin-Yi Yu: The temperature wrap party has to be a unit of Calvin. Otherwise, if you use the, the temperature mentored by decree see up by decree f, then you put into this formula.
Jin-Yi Yu: You're going to obtain a wrong answer as far. We need to make sure we know what is the international standard unit for any particular variable, we are going to talk about
Jin-Yi Yu: And so she basically one Kelvin decrease equal to one Celsius. Right. But then you say, if they are the interval one degree sees the same as one degree k, why bother to redefine a Calvin earth but decrease the value prop 273
Jin-Yi Yu: Why we partner to do that. Right. So this is one thing I want to quickly mention because, as we say, what is the meat is coming up temperature
Jin-Yi Yu: Meaning, how much internal energy now object up content right and any air molecules. So talk about other must be
Jin-Yi Yu: His temperature refresh how fast this air molecular is moving around hundred molecule label right so if based on this fiscal definition of temperature.
Jin-Yi Yu: When we have temperature equal to zero, what does this actually mean in physical issue means that the air molecules is air molecules is completely non moving air molecules are just completely motionless and that's only in that way we can say is temperature is equal to
Jin-Yi Yu: Zero because temperature should present how much internal energy that is associated we stop molecular motion. And if we use Celsius. When we say zero degrees. See
Jin-Yi Yu: But the water vapor or oxygen molecules they are still not emotionless so physics need to define temperature unit whenever that temperature unit.
Jin-Yi Yu: But value equal to zero is really means that that air molecules is completely motionless and we find out in order for air market to become motionless.
Jin-Yi Yu: Then that temperature has be equal to minus 203 73 degrees C. So it defined Calvin us when it is zero is equal to minus 273 we see that's why we defined here.
Jin-Yi Yu: Kelvin is equal to whatever sales especially press 200 is a mystery to Quincy, so when
Jin-Yi Yu: Decrease equal to minus 273 get into it and Calvin degree or equal to zero. And now, or match a physical meaning of
Jin-Yi Yu: Temperature, because zero degrees Kelvin is really motionless mannakkara labor. Okay, so that's important. But the other thing to remember is another you use the mathematical formula in climate on meteorology atmospheric science.
Jin-Yi Yu: You need to find out what it is used in our formula usually is Calvin decree. Otherwise, if you put a value based on sales as a communicator run ends up from that formula. Okay, now, so this cast this temperature part of this discussion, you need to understand
Jin-Yi Yu: Two key comes up. First is, what is the horizontal
Jin-Yi Yu: And vertical
Jin-Yi Yu: Is structure our discussion.
Jin-Yi Yu: About temperature
Jin-Yi Yu: In atmosphere.
Jin-Yi Yu: The second pie is based on the vertical structure of the temperature we're going to introduce a concept we call static stability.
Jin-Yi Yu: So you just tell you how stable and stable our atmosphere is because how stable or unstable our chemistry is has very important implication for weather.
Jin-Yi Yu: And also for climate also for climate change. So we kind of literature on climate change, global warming, you're very often re the author say something about
Jin-Yi Yu: If the static or security or the static static stability atmospheric of stability will increase or decrease when we have global warming, because that's going to change how vigorous our atmosphere can move around and
Jin-Yi Yu: So static stability is a very important concept. Okay. Even if you are working on meteorology, or physical Carmen. You also see we're working on climbing, you need to understand what it means. OK. So those are two key information. I'm going to describe in this related is a
Jin-Yi Yu: Temperature discussion. So now let's first talk about the first part of his key comes up.
Jin-Yi Yu: The first part is talking about distribution of our temperature in atmosphere in a vertical direction and in the horizontal direction.
Jin-Yi Yu: So that's it became with vertical direction okay buddy what the ratio is important because it's going to read it to how we understand
Jin-Yi Yu: The stability pop out an atmosphere. So in common science or in meteorology. If you hear about the ability
Jin-Yi Yu: Not a must be or is stable or not stable, you're here, you're here to kind of stability. One is called static stability must relate to how temperature change with high
Jin-Yi Yu: In the direction that's going to relate to static stability and the other stability, you're going to hear very often, but we are not going to talk about
Jin-Yi Yu: Welcoming mentioned it briefly at chapter nine. Chapter eight is called barrel comics Deputy Minister.
Jin-Yi Yu: How a is stable or mass tape or based on the distribution in the horizontal direction, particular in the right direction. So, in this that literature x means east west direction.
Jin-Yi Yu: Why means knows self direction. So, north, south direction is referring to the fact that when equator to Paul temperature are different, then you will create spell clinic stability and our determine you will winter storm activity.
Jin-Yi Yu: And this static stability is how temperature is stable, not in a vertical direction and this is going to affect your some dust on activity.
Jin-Yi Yu: But also really climate change. So those are two stability terminology you want to remember even you and I working on physical crime area because you can just, you just need to remember this to me to community and what it means. But if you can understand this part is okay.
Jin-Yi Yu: So some other conservation here just for those who want to know or need to know to know. So if for some reason, anything any comes to our community. I mentioned in the lecture, but didn't show up in a PowerPoint.
Jin-Yi Yu: Those are comes up. If you do not want to know. You don't need to know how you can understand. We just took it apart. But whatever the community and comes up. I mentioned in the PowerPoint or Lowes conserving
Jin-Yi Yu: And community. I think you should memorize as you understand. So now let's come to vertical structure, how much temperature in atmosphere.
Jin-Yi Yu: So this is the key fieger I want everybody will be able to joy from a white page of a piece of paper and I means you need to remember what right on this why
Jin-Yi Yu: Access Luca here and right back inside it, share with you attitude right in kilometer tank it on the surface is economic 10 kilometer 2030 4050 at all. So you need to remember. I mean, clean, at least one
Jin-Yi Yu: Of course service zero kilometer Tang cannot be into is where the tropopause is located the troposphere is from surface to 10 kilometer.
Jin-Yi Yu: Then if you can either call app, you need to remember 50 kilometer because that's where the stratosphere ended and the purple stratosphere is called stop stop or pause and
Jin-Yi Yu: And then the rest. You don't need to remember much because I don't, I cannot remember it because
Jin-Yi Yu: I don't work on anything in the missile sphere or similar sphere. So basically, our MSP is divided into four layer based on temperature structure right and that troposphere in stratosphere at par most important for common started Mesa sphere and summers fear is called upper or mito
Jin-Yi Yu: Is called upper atmosphere. They are important for electronic magnetic field. If you study communication. If you start the ionosphere, then these today are very important.
Jin-Yi Yu: But for climate, we care about troposphere and stratosphere. So that's why you need to remember how theme or how thick each of these two there.
Jin-Yi Yu: Is some troposphere ended up thinking amateur stratosphere in Canada. So if you want to remember
Jin-Yi Yu: About an 80 or 90 kilometer is end of May source of fear and they see this very ending pioneers. Remember the top of our atmosphere is somewhere around 100 to 150
Jin-Yi Yu: Kilometer so you need you to his farm a piece of paper, you know, need to know at the end up in a top of your atmospheric on there. What other
Jin-Yi Yu: Chemical number you should put in, you put in 103 121 and you certainly something so those are key comes up, you have to remember. Let me make sure nobody's waiting in
Jin-Yi Yu: The channel.
Jin-Yi Yu: Okay.
Jin-Yi Yu: Now,
Jin-Yi Yu: Why we only care about. Anybody know about. We only care about troposphere and stratosphere. Well, we don't care about opportunity.
Jin-Yi Yu: For coming
Jin-Yi Yu: Because the query that is most of our atmospheric or mass
Jin-Yi Yu: is contained in the first today or troposphere and stratosphere above
Jin-Yi Yu: troposphere upper stratosphere, the amount of MS is very, very, very small. Right. So if you look at the speaker see on the left inside the y coordinate going up his unit up high.
Jin-Yi Yu: And look at the back end side. Why are they putting a nada number under know inside if you read a writings. I'm sorry.
Jin-Yi Yu: So on the rise. I can see that. But you and it is meanie meanie meanie meanie so at a surface or I'm going to take this quite always a minibar is that you only put pressure. Pressure tell you how much mass
Jin-Yi Yu: You have
Jin-Yi Yu: On top of you. So if you're standing on the surface. Let me cutting out the whole screen.
Jin-Yi Yu: You will stand in the underground and surface see that all the whole column Otter must be on top of you.
Jin-Yi Yu: And you will produce a way over one square meter area that was equal to 100 money back. Okay, so that's
Jin-Yi Yu: Exactly what minibar means, but as a minibar means can become cedar as uni of Air Max on top of your head at that particular high. So the total. So at the surface is one solid meanwhile means the total amount of our autonomous vehicle. Ms.
Jin-Yi Yu: Is equal to how much one solid me. Okay, so now let's go back to the question asked you why I know the amount of Ms.
Jin-Yi Yu: In the apple today is very small replica here because he we including
Jin-Yi Yu: troposphere here and stratosphere here. Let's see, at a surface. The total amount of RP MS is
Jin-Yi Yu: 1000 when we go to the top of stratosphere, look at the number. What is your number now.
Jin-Yi Yu: On only one minute.
Jin-Yi Yu: So total amount MS is 1000 when you only have one mini back. What is it, are you now means, if you're standing on top of this upper stratosphere, the amount of air, but I must be
Jin-Yi Yu: On top of you from stratosphere, all the way to the top with a mess. All these air producer. We are the amount of air is only one minute and a total cannon or
Jin-Yi Yu: atmospheric air equal to how many back when so many back so that means right upper stratosphere to all the way to the top of the other. Most fear because the amount of mass content. You say it just one minute.
Jin-Yi Yu: And a total carnival atmosphere has one sodomy by. So what's the percentage of air math that is contained in Mesa sphere plus
Jin-Yi Yu: So most fear is only 0.1% right so 99.9% of all of the most critical MS is contained in the troposphere Charles repress together is 99.9%
Jin-Yi Yu: Right. So if we study climbing we study energy. We don't care about this 0.1% of MS in a mesosphere, even though you see that the sickness of this submissive sphere in some a sphere is 120 kilometer. I'm a top
Jin-Yi Yu: Minus Patmos 50 kilometer is 70 Kim is a baby thick. There we have certain economic her have a here.
Jin-Yi Yu: But he only carry 0.1% of MS and near in the app door today Troposphere, stratosphere is only 50 kilometer.
Jin-Yi Yu: There's only 50 kilometer, but it can 10 99.9% of gamma. Everybody gets comes up. So all these discussion is try to bring you to attention.
Jin-Yi Yu: Why meteorology and climate scientists laugh like to use meanie as a vertical coordinate, because if you saw right now you can see that this speaker, you're looking at is us.
Jin-Yi Yu: Kilometer piece of intimacy 10 kilometer. Probably the events this right, so here 1010. This is 903 mean back in from here to here is only 90. This is 900 amoeba is 19 if I saw
Jin-Yi Yu: This speaker is to pay some
Jin-Yi Yu: Even in the ball in the high and this keep your information that missile sphere and similar sphere are so important. So meteorology and commerce, it doesn't act nice idea. They don't want to do that. They want to be able to show the important part of
Jin-Yi Yu: The they want to be able to show the important part, the UK, I must fear. So if you do this, this equator.
Jin-Yi Yu: This is South Pole. This is no support. It is fun surface to the top of a must fear zero minibar on the surface is 1000 me by name. We don't even in trouble, then everyone's hundred me back. He has become my 100 100 700 600 and proper all. What was your name. I see that
Jin-Yi Yu: Let me
Jin-Yi Yu: Give a couple called frontline calls me back to zero me back into 10 pieces so he should have 123 412-345-1234 right so he is
Jin-Yi Yu: Meaning
Jin-Yi Yu: Is
Jin-Yi Yu: 100 million is 900 897 net. Where is the, the, what we call the one 200 amoeba.
Jin-Yi Yu: What, what is this importance of 200 meters 200 meters. Everything from between 200 me by service is troposphere.
Jin-Yi Yu: Any scene from 200 to about 150 by here, one minute.
Jin-Yi Yu: One minute very close to zero do
Jin-Yi Yu: Here is stratosphere.
Jin-Yi Yu: And Mesa sphere and summer sphere is just going to be here. Mesa sphere.
Jin-Yi Yu: He is so much fear.
Jin-Yi Yu: So he's in a beautiful now you drew me into the important part of our atmosphere troposphere. If you do
Jin-Yi Yu: If you
Jin-Yi Yu: If you do the same, but using the hi
Jin-Yi Yu: Sorry about that.
Jin-Yi Yu: Can we use the high to circumcise mo interval do kilometer to the top 100 kilometer a car into 10 pieces again.
Jin-Yi Yu: So here's 550 kilometer is one. And then if you talk your atmosphere then of 10 kilometer this the troposphere.
Jin-Yi Yu: And you caught a 50 kilometer. This is stratosphere equal at kilometer is Mesosphere and, you know, become so much
Jin-Yi Yu: But you've used to either interval impression
Jin-Yi Yu: From 1000
Jin-Yi Yu: How can I go back
Jin-Yi Yu: You know how I can go back without losing that
Jin-Yi Yu: Practically
Jin-Yi Yu: So even though even, even in trouble in kilometer your policy Troposphere, stratosphere makes us via and CMOS fee.
Jin-Yi Yu: If you to even interval in pressure there will be 1000 do and then 100 is here.
Jin-Yi Yu: On entry me the troposphere code to here and then stratosphere Cotto here. So we see that's a big difference in how we see the vertical structure that's why meteorology and Carney scientists like to use pressure
Jin-Yi Yu: Those Z caught in a vertical corner instead of using high priced accordingly.
Jin-Yi Yu: So Russ bravery papers. Okay. So as I saw here you can see that it is important that
Jin-Yi Yu: We are able to remember what is a high for troposphere 10 kilometer stratosphere is 50 kilometer and then a purple, it must be
Jin-Yi Yu: 100 170 kilometers in terms of pressure surface is one hand. Once all amoeba. The top of troposphere ended troposphere me somewhere around 200,000,100 million
Jin-Yi Yu: That number, you need to remember is stratosphere and that you will have one minute.
Jin-Yi Yu: A bottle or this. So if I ask you a question. How much MS is content by stratosphere and you can look at his finger, the top
Jin-Yi Yu: Pressure value is why many pack the bottom pressure very for straws phase 200 million. So I know that, Amanda, a content in the stratosphere is 200 million minus
Jin-Yi Yu: 200 here minus one minibar in a total amount of MS in other must be is one solid me back. So I know that the amount of MS in the
Jin-Yi Yu: Stratosphere is 199 divided by 1000 so stratosphere content about close to 10 P meaning of the MS of our MSP okay and can, same thing. I can ask you
Jin-Yi Yu: What's the percentage of MS is contained in the mesosphere okay you to this number right one mini bar minus your point zero to about balance. Okay, so that's why our first thing I said. Now let's look at this one.
Jin-Yi Yu: The temperature distribution is clearly look at his brain is our
Jin-Yi Yu: Temperature in atmosphere. So first thing you're going to see is that temperature at a similar sphere is the warmest how long the summer sphere temperature can be okay here is 60 degrees C. So if you go to our beginning of our lecture.
Jin-Yi Yu: See here.
Jin-Yi Yu: If you look at our
Jin-Yi Yu: Atmosphere from do too.
Jin-Yi Yu: To
Jin-Yi Yu: To the thermosphere, you can see that the temperature NIH has to nine. One is this orange line. The other is this re nine
Jin-Yi Yu: Why temperature up to nine. And these two nine only different anywhere.
Jin-Yi Yu: In the thermosphere because in this summer sphere, the amount of MS inside is very top layer or the muscle is very, very, very, very, very, very small.
Jin-Yi Yu: But this there is the very outside their of our atmosphere. Whenever somebody comes in. He can absorb it, as I say, most of our sunlight cannot be absorbed by
Jin-Yi Yu: atmospheric air is sucked in to location one location is near the thermosphere because in a circular sphere. We have also we are all to oxygen molecule.
Jin-Yi Yu: We have all of them but basic oxygen molecules and atoms, molecules can absorb gamma ray an X ray when they come to our atmosphere that gamma ray and x ray babyish the shot is part of our solar radiation absorb it by
Jin-Yi Yu: oxygen molecule in the similar sphere. And because this there has made a very small amount of SMS. So whenever the summer heat
Jin-Yi Yu: The absorption of karma ray, X ray can certainly increase the temperature when we have more solar activity that more seconds or less fuel sunspot and sending it to be more sunlight on it last night. The aircon
Jin-Yi Yu: If someone was fear change.
Jin-Yi Yu: Looking here, Timothy greasy to
Jin-Yi Yu: Greasy or
Jin-Yi Yu: Are you ever hear me scream, showing that my internet connection is no good. Can everybody hear me.
Jin-Yi Yu: Yes.
Jin-Yi Yu: Okay, good. So that's why
Jin-Yi Yu: When you try to temperature up so much fear it can go Barry White very in a very large range.
Jin-Yi Yu: Do to to reason to have major reasons because Amanda MS inside this is very small. So, whenever the solar energy change really is going to cost hundreds of degrees of temperature difference. Okay, so let's go back to
Jin-Yi Yu: Our medical temperature profile. So everybody already know this temperature, the temperature always decrease from surface to hire part of troposphere. Everybody know that
Jin-Yi Yu: In the stratosphere temperature increase with high and then in the mesosphere decrease with her again. And they increase will say again in a similar sphere. So
Jin-Yi Yu: Everybody know this from your middle and high school class. So now in this lecture in this direction we want to explain to people why
Jin-Yi Yu: Why we have such kind of temperature profile. So, as I say, we're not warming spark is in the upper part of summer sphere the chorus temperature is under pop or missile sphere. So we want to explain that. So one is spread a fusing right first things
Jin-Yi Yu: Quiet the Ole Miss temperature is here in the thermosphere, who are we are caught his temperature in a
Jin-Yi Yu: Missile pause and copper missile post and then why temperature increase was high in the stratosphere, right. So, and then quiet decrease, which
Jin-Yi Yu: was high in the troposphere. So now in order to expand this temperature distribution. So first, what is the implication of this temperature distribution.
Jin-Yi Yu: Because in our, our temperature is always decreased with high. What does that mean if you are here on a service. So if we have, if you have a kennel what water.
Jin-Yi Yu: Or bottled water. If you have warm water on the bottom.
Jin-Yi Yu: Cold water on the top, what will happen.
Jin-Yi Yu: This is unstable right because CO water is heavy.
Jin-Yi Yu: And all Water is life. We cannot have ABC on top of racing right so
Jin-Yi Yu: Quickly, we'll see what happens. The cola to try to come down, right. A lot of them will monetize go up until a one point that we have warm water warm am the top cold water or Korea.
Jin-Yi Yu: And the pattern is become stable.
Jin-Yi Yu: When you have heavy sing on a top nice thing and the other Moscow and stable.
Jin-Yi Yu: So in order to go from and stable. Stable how it happened motion has to happen. That's exactly what we have in our timing right oh Sunday, keep on trying to make
Jin-Yi Yu: No path of eight or higher part of a cold. So this day is keep them stable stable. Stable anytime in order to adjust this unstable situation.
Jin-Yi Yu: Motion in the air, and I must be has to happen. How, what does this motion look like in our atmosphere adjust stable and stable a in a vertical direction as call center, stop.
Jin-Yi Yu: Right, so some of our stuff is try to smooth out this unstable condition warm water and the pattern one way and the pattern and coin on the top right and then
Jin-Yi Yu: Go to my Mac discretion know why we have a woman. A and the pattern colder. A on the path. The reason is because when summer comes into our climate system.
Jin-Yi Yu: It didn't get absorb it, it was mostly most of it just transparent transparent transparent transparent transparent and do his service can absorb it.
Jin-Yi Yu: So surface always warm up by sunlight. Sunlight the surface or heating air near the surface to become warmest okay so last, the reason. So if I asked you why troposphere, we have very strong
Jin-Yi Yu: Very commercial as because you're always has temperature decreased was high and high temperature already quiz was high, is because our service or heba by solar radiation, but as a key information. So we are going to describe and then we are going to say in this picture.
Jin-Yi Yu: When the summer comes in. You only get absorbed in the set in three places.
Jin-Yi Yu: When it when you if you travel with the summer come into our atmosphere during the journey, you're going to see your friend inside that vehicle in that spaceship from some content on energy instead of space is going to
Jin-Yi Yu: Arrest the capture, it's three places, most of his time now is going to capture by surface to heat up surface area so it doesn't heat up surface area director. He owes surface there then oh surface or come back to heat
Jin-Yi Yu: Up walk. He the service air. So the first praise that said, Sorry. Didn't get absorb it is those surface and they want to send your comes in. What is in second place center can be can be captured absorbed is here.
Jin-Yi Yu: In the stratosphere by who will everybody know now, right, because we have got an ozone all three and this also is going to capture
Jin-Yi Yu: Ultraviolet radiation. Radiation solar radiation has many, many, many different frequency from very, very sharp way high frequency is karma ray, X ray and they come to become visible.
Jin-Yi Yu: An auto body radiation and become visible radiation. So, karma. Ray is when you come into our automatically uploaded by also more oxygen molecule in the thermosphere
Jin-Yi Yu: By all to absorb gamma ray, X ray. The second praise, he can absorb it is in the stratosphere and who do the job is
Jin-Yi Yu: Also capture outdoor by radiation and when it comes to surface is a surface also be absorbed. Most of the beat support. Not a bad data point. So you need to divide the solar energy industry energy pen x ray comma or a very, very strong absorbed by all to a sermon sphere.
Jin-Yi Yu: And then the second highest frequency ultraviolet radiation absorbed by all of them at stratosphere and most of the visa, but I absorbed by surface.
Jin-Yi Yu: Right, and that's why we see that here warm up in the top of the stratosphere one BA in a similar sphere warm up in a surface, right. So everybody got a point. Why it WARM, WARM, WARM here and the summer school wonder
Jin-Yi Yu: Mass anyone has question.
Jerry Lin: I have a question. Now our creations uniform throughout that atmosphere like as a PPM we're mixing ratios.
Jin-Yi Yu: Very good question.
Jin-Yi Yu: It is not okay so
Jin-Yi Yu: But a lot of the even you have all to here to here to here. But when the sun comes in. That's why we want to introduce a very important concept.
Jin-Yi Yu: Even though I described to you. There are three absorption process involved.
Jin-Yi Yu: Particular power of frequency of sunlight and particular species A molecule, but you need to recognize the amount of solar radiation is coming in from attack Otter must be so when the
Jin-Yi Yu: Summer comes to our atmosphere, all these extra income irie they first get absorbed by acid molecules at similar sphere and then
Jin-Yi Yu: Only have a little bit left. So it's that kind of absorption doesn't happen to the old to in the mesa sphere doesn't happen very much in Australia, but because most of those extra income Eric already can absorb it.
Jin-Yi Yu: When they enter the upper part of our atmosphere. Right. So that's why, even though, even if we also adding some of these air only carbon dioxide. For example, it is only for me.
Jin-Yi Yu: Concentration uniform northern hemisphere southern hemisphere oil. Mix in atmosphere but most of the air.
Jin-Yi Yu: At the mastery as depends on how heavy the is more heavy, the air is going to tend to stay in the north part of our other must be like a can go more higher in the atmosphere. Now, but even
Jin-Yi Yu: We assess uniform em concentration we still need comes recognize the fact solder the Asian come into our other must be from the top.
Jin-Yi Yu: And that's why you see something we have similar see here. And then we have extra molecule everywhere. But, however, the temperature increase the most
Jin-Yi Yu: An apple part of so much fear because that's the hood praise, get the whole amount of extra in the camera and all the extra income Eric absorb here. So, because I have only have enough
Jin-Yi Yu: To be absorbed and the Lord area and even as even as even a chicken shit is hitting record bass, bass, bass, bass, there
Jin-Yi Yu: And then when we come to stratosphere. That's a second place. We have also to absorb this article by the radiation. So, now look at this to most
Jin-Yi Yu: Ratings again to explain the second prize Oldham absorption of ultraviolet radiation now is important story.
Jin-Yi Yu: Now suddenly comes in, coming into absorbing gamma ray, X ray and then in the mesosphere, it doesn't get captured by anything, then this sort of a company comes in.
Jin-Yi Yu: And we say, okay, now the absorption of the solar radiation is going to pay some older than the speaker tell you where do we have maximum Amano
Jin-Yi Yu: Acid. It also has Jerry Jerry's us ask the old on concentration is not uniform here the mix them among all of them concentrate in somewhere around 20 kilometer.
Jin-Yi Yu: What we call door and mito stratosphere, you need to remember this number ozone concentration is a maximum
Jin-Yi Yu: We have about auto in Australia sphere, but the maximum amount autumn concentration is in the lower and middle la Strada stratosphere.
Jin-Yi Yu: Irwin 20 kilometer because when we talk about ozone hole, depression, you need to recognize that. Okay, so this is important.
Jin-Yi Yu: Cup common knowledge. You remember. So now you say, Okay, this is all absorbed solar radiation auto Barry, how come in the stratosphere, the temperature increase
Jin-Yi Yu: The most in the app or powder stratosphere right why we didn't get the maximum temperature increase in the around 20 kilometer nice because now everybody come to these two
Jin-Yi Yu: Elements that determine how much solar radiation therapy can absorb it. The change of temperature in the stratosphere, even though always on concentrate concentration is a maximum in the lower stratosphere.
Jin-Yi Yu: But a mango solar radiation Otto battery is maxima when he just enter a top of the stratosphere.
Jin-Yi Yu: So even though in a top of the stratosphere and autumn condensation is not as high as in the pub economic benefit economically, it kind of whole amount of ultraviolet radiation.
Jin-Yi Yu: So this is very, very big, even though all on condensation. It's just a mothering, and that's why you have a warm, it's warm in here.
Jin-Yi Yu: And that's first reason. The second reason is because in when you are going high and high in the sky enough, I must be the amount of SMS. So as I must be a dispute MS is very concentrated very consistent, the other
Jin-Yi Yu: The other part of it, but I must be getting a sense for Nicole. Hi, can I said okay so in the upper part of our stratosphere compared to the know paddle stratosphere, our power has moment. Ms. Anybody
Jin-Yi Yu: Apple pie. Right. I know pass more Ms. So our power of Australia's be only has only the penal Ms. So, if there
Jin-Yi Yu: Are little people even you will warm up to one what meter heating here is going to increase, much, much more than that one was heating to the lower stress free of cost low stress has have alive a mess to share that he so upper stratosphere has very no agency. So that's why
Jin-Yi Yu: Why we have maximum. Want me to have the whole layer of strategy or map by also absorbed by ultraviolet radiation.
Jin-Yi Yu: But a mango Otto battery. This is much higher here and also upper stratosphere has class. Ms. That's why we can see the warming increase with high. Okay, that's where we're going.
Jin-Yi Yu: Where is mentioned here in the second slide or or maximum autumn concentration is about 20 kilometer five kilometer, but because of lower density at 50 confirming what is a 50 kilometer a body.
Jin-Yi Yu: The top or last raspy and also you have much solar energy in the upper stratosphere. So these two reasons together make our strategy for core temperature increase with
Jin-Yi Yu: Okay, so this is the key. So in the troposphere, you need to say surface hitting pause the temperature equation reside.
Jin-Yi Yu: In Australia, speak. You have to say autumn absorption cost the increase of temperature in the stratosphere. And the reason is because we have more solar energy here and that's a mess and then
Jin-Yi Yu: In that Mesosphere are raising the temperature increase wayside, because you have more extra income array. So for happen in a Mesosphere massive
Jin-Yi Yu: It does not absorb any solar radiation. So in whenever a woman a coffee that in the stratosphere so warm.
Jin-Yi Yu: And what happened. He had to go up, go up when they call up expand pika, pika, pika size and they will cool down. That's why.
Jin-Yi Yu: Inside the mesa sphere, because there's no heating process related sort of radiation. So basically just a co op and then kuda kuda kuda kuda kuda we reach the top of the mesosphere
Jin-Yi Yu: It reached the code is temperature. So we have a cold this temperature were in the hot I must be where is the code is temporary can find at the top of the mesosphere
Jin-Yi Yu: And as long as soon as the air entered of similar sphere in oxygen molecule that will begin to absorb gamma ray, X ray. So here again, again, again. Okay.
Jin-Yi Yu: Everybody, not the scene, the whole story. We want to learn from the speaker, as I say that as you're on practice. You have to be able to to
Jin-Yi Yu: So all this and then kilometer, meaning the top of the must be zero means path and 1000 million per
Jin-Yi Yu: Kilometer zero here, top is about 100 to 150 and there you need to be able to draw Troposphere, stratosphere.
Jin-Yi Yu: Mesa sphere. So most fear and keep the number here 10 kilometer 50 kidnapper at kilometer is about 200 million is but one minute. I don't remember it.
Jin-Yi Yu: And then you say okay now I'm going to describe a temperature distribution, the temperature distribution is going to be cooling down here and he is because the reason is because here have surface.
Jin-Yi Yu: Eating
Jin-Yi Yu: And there is going to warm up again here is because all long absorption of ultraviolet radiation and explain why maximum woman's here or maximize here.
Jin-Yi Yu: For maximum healings here and here. There's no heating and all I'm talking about sorry the, I think he did
Jin-Yi Yu: So, or it can better put a co op expand expand the size and quote unquote and contact and then when it comes to send us fear because after tomorrow absorbed camara extra alarm have so much, so much so much. Okay, that's the whole thing you should be able to describe
Jin-Yi Yu: bikini found a piece of paper.
Jin-Yi Yu: Yes, please.
Question.
Jerry Lin: I'm wondering if there's a typo textbook says that the temperature of the atmosphere to get increased rapidly above about much longer because if you think produced by absorption of ultraviolet radiation sun.
Jin-Yi Yu: Is not good, I think.
Jerry Lin: There's, I think there's a typo in textbook. I'm not sure.
Jerry Lin: But basically, essentially, it says that thermosphere absorbs UV radiation. And that's kind of confusing for me.
Jerry Lin: I don't know if anyone else all that some page for
Jin-Yi Yu: The most fear.
Jerry Lin: Yeah, it says like
Jerry Lin: The thermosphere absorbs UV radiation which associates oxygen molecules I sensor gases.
Jin-Yi Yu: Yes, I'm just picking up the major em gases response to the absorption of this particular you will be on there may be other gases can also absorb it. So my version of story is a simplified version.
Jin-Yi Yu: It is the
Jin-Yi Yu: I when I refer to abortion most gamma ray, X ray is
Jin-Yi Yu: oxygen molecules, when I
Jin-Yi Yu: Refer to the UV abortion I emphasize the older
Jin-Yi Yu: Absorption yeah so that's the way I learned things I remember saying there's so many things to remember and to to memorize. So I always simplify the scene to the key element.
Jin-Yi Yu: So my story is the key part of the story doesn't represent the host the complete story so you can refer to a textbook. OK, so now this is the whole thing I want to talk about a vertical
Jin-Yi Yu: Structure of temperature. Now I want to quickly mention. So here, that's why we have another waiter in the in the
Jin-Yi Yu: troposphere, because this is very warm on the surface. Very cool. On the top, and as I say, when you have warm on the bottom co on the top, it is unstable. Generally speaking, and stable and. However, that's not always true. Right now I'm going to quickly bring up this comes up.
Jin-Yi Yu: If we are talking about in the ocean.
Jin-Yi Yu: Water
Jin-Yi Yu: When we have warm water on the bottom cold water on the top. Then they need to
Jin-Yi Yu: Not pay themselves to become
Jin-Yi Yu: Co on the bottom form on the path.
Jin-Yi Yu: However, if we are talking about air.
Jin-Yi Yu: This is not necessarily true.
Jin-Yi Yu: Okay. Why is that so basically I'm staring you that
Jin-Yi Yu: Is for air if we see on a on a Pathan
Jin-Yi Yu: Co. A on the top.
Jin-Yi Yu: Compared to water.
Jin-Yi Yu: If you have
Jin-Yi Yu: Cold water on the cup.
Jin-Yi Yu: Warm water.
Jin-Yi Yu: On a pattern. Now you can declare it is unstable.
Jin-Yi Yu: Emotion has to produce to rotate it to make a stable, but if you look at it in the air.
Jin-Yi Yu: You cannot declare it is unstable.
Jin-Yi Yu: Anybody know why.
Jin-Yi Yu: Because when or may try to call. So as we want to call it a koala come down Walmart or co op. So when it's cold water come down WARM, WARM, WARM, WARM echo what is ok but for a call it comes down.
Jin-Yi Yu: Warm air goes up.
Jin-Yi Yu: What happened.
Jin-Yi Yu: To say this woman, you are now standing here.
Jin-Yi Yu: And you're holding a warm air. Okay, and now you're holding this this warm air.
Jin-Yi Yu: Is it and then there's another room here is is coil and they say, Okay, I want to this one producer co op three prices capital, then one is one around co op. What happened to this one. Boom, you read this one through nine co op it become this this this right when the call comes down.
Jin-Yi Yu: He become this this this compress fo expanded, but for the water, a tropical water we move up is still seven bottom when co author come downstairs. Mr. What's the difference between these two. The air is
Jin-Yi Yu: Come possible. Okay. That's why make the same physical or a prior to meet your RG become much, much, much, much more complicated in a prior to ocean because
Jin-Yi Yu: Air is a must be continuous air which is compressible. So, and this problem co op expand in size, it becomes colder and colder and colder. When you go to this higher part of the coil, you may find yourself even colder, then this call here on top.
Jin-Yi Yu: And this coin, when it comes down to compress compress the woman, a woman when it comes down to the bottom. It may find some actually is warmer, then the woman on the bottom.
Jin-Yi Yu: Because the compressed but beta tea oil change the temperature of these upper part of a lower part here. So when they arrive to upper, lower the temperature has changed.
Jin-Yi Yu: And that's why we cannot see it is temporary and stable. So, or in meteorology atmospheric science and climate science. Try to handle this can possibly be the issue in our atmosphere because if we cannot handle these we cannot predict understand our company.
Jin-Yi Yu: And that's why we need to introduce the static stability concerns. Otherwise, nobody needs to worry about static stability, you just say, or whatever on a
Jin-Yi Yu: Mine on the top is warmer and then on the bottom is colder than a stable and a high in the sky above my is Cole and the bottom is warm is unstable. You cannot say that because this statement does not take into account RP comes to complex ability. Okay. That's why all these
Jin-Yi Yu: Tech textbook discussion you try to address this issue later on with all the equation if I get a point. So we cannot look at this to
Jin-Yi Yu: declare our atmosphere is
Jin-Yi Yu: Unstable
Jin-Yi Yu: Because actually, this is the observe
Jin-Yi Yu: temperature change which is close to 6.5 degrees. He per kilometer, which is actually close to stable.
Jin-Yi Yu: Because it is already including all the Sanders stone activities to smooth out the temperature difference. And that's why
Jin-Yi Yu: It become stable. Okay, so at this point 6.5 is actually troposphere earlier be unstable a number and stable a vicarious keep on ok now let's move on.
Jin-Yi Yu: To the horizontal distribution. Our customers may remember you are ever should he be vertical distribution temperature. Now you have to be able to draw horizontal distribution of the temperature
Jin-Yi Yu: So I'm going to do that exercise here for you so you know what to expect. Okay, so now we're about to the vertical cross section.
Jin-Yi Yu: So we are going to have equator here north pole here south pole here fun surface 1000 meaning to the top or zero meanie Bob
Jin-Yi Yu: And then one zero kilometer to 100 since we don't care about Mesosphere in troposphere us forget about anything about one minute, one minute by is the 0.1 Mini Cooper.
Jin-Yi Yu: What is the top of the stratosphere mineral out better for anyone. Look at your screen and tell me is that
Jin-Yi Yu: Your point i mean
Jin-Yi Yu: I don't want to go back to this slide because this
Jin-Yi Yu: Someone tell me already.
Nicholas Pham: He said those
Jin-Yi Yu: So I cannot hear you.
Nicholas Pham: He said the top of stratosphere. Right. That's one Malabar
Jin-Yi Yu: One me about. OK.
Jin-Yi Yu: But OK now.
Jin-Yi Yu: In Popova all
Jin-Yi Yu: So this is troposphere 200 a minute.
Jin-Yi Yu: And these services stratosphere.
Jin-Yi Yu: Yes troposphere. So now the key is we now look at the horizontal from north to south, south part announcement. We only we are now only looking at vertical distribution.
Jin-Yi Yu: Now, so in order to do this you have to suffer in the today while we need to separate today because the horizontal no se official temperature inside troposphere and starts with a brief different
Jin-Yi Yu: The most exciting part is in the stratosphere there in the troposphere. Anybody not we have very warm here.
Jin-Yi Yu: On a surface and get quote unquote and quote unquote we cook in higher and higher to about 10 kilometer about
Jin-Yi Yu: 200 meter. Right. But we also know that the temperature should decrease from equator to pop. So this is up call to right. So we saw the temperature distribution in the
Jin-Yi Yu: troposphere. So here, maybe 20 degrees. See here, become a 15 decrease the 10 degrees C and then five decreases your dependency and that discretion is about symmetric
Jin-Yi Yu: Between two hemisphere right so that's easy to administer temperature decrease with higher in the troposphere think temperature decrease for equator to pop in a
Jin-Yi Yu: Post northern and southern hemisphere. Now let's go to the stratosphere. But, you know, if we are doing the winter, summer coach at June, July, August, then we'll
Jin-Yi Yu: Know not on summer.
Jin-Yi Yu: So it will be warmer neither here and you'll be colder or either be here, but not much. But, but now let's see what happened there. Stay on
Jin-Yi Yu: The winter, June, July, August one Hemisphere summer here. So the temperature distribution in the stratosphere is not symmetric with respect to the equator. So we are going to have one Miss just look at the whole structure warm his temperature is going to be here.
Jin-Yi Yu: On the top of most part.
Jin-Yi Yu: Because we're talking about June, July, August, some Nolan summer and Cody's temperature is going to be in a pattern of the stratosphere over the South Pole.
Jin-Yi Yu: So both north and south pole is going to carry the warmest and the coldest temperature depends on the season when it is not a Hemisphere summer the
Jin-Yi Yu: Temperature in the whole stratosphere happen in the nose pole and a half, almost four and a Coke code is temperature is over the pattern of the stratosphere over the South Pole.
Jin-Yi Yu: Right. Remember the temperature inside these days. Also absorption of UV radiation. Right. And what happened to the UV radiation. The key. The reason we carry. So this is, that's it. If we go to
Jin-Yi Yu: If we call to the policies or
Jin-Yi Yu: If we go to
Jin-Yi Yu: Detail, June, July, August, December, January, February, then the code is temperature is the woman's temperature is going to
Jin-Yi Yu: Happen warming temperature, what happened here.
Jin-Yi Yu: Peter
Jin-Yi Yu: And the code is temperature
Jin-Yi Yu: Is going to reverse
Jin-Yi Yu: Okay, so
Jin-Yi Yu: At one season economies, Dr. Susan go like this. But the key thing is that
Jin-Yi Yu: Whenever the season. The woman's temperature is always on the top of the stratosphere, the coding standard us all arm the pattern of the stratosphere.
Jin-Yi Yu: And a woman's temperature and causes damage always, I'm a nurse points out ok so now. Anybody what is so unique about north pole and a south pole.
Jin-Yi Yu: In terms of heating or radiation.
Jin-Yi Yu: We all know that yes, please go ahead
Kyle Manley: They don't receive any sunlight and
Kyle Manley: Interest.
Jin-Yi Yu: Yeah, Carl. Thank you very much. So in Northern Hemisphere summer there's 24 hours or Sunday and Moscow.
Jin-Yi Yu: So when we have also absorbed UV radiation, you have 24 hour of UV radiation Central North Pole in in in
Jin-Yi Yu: Do not June, July, August, and you have 24 hours a night time no sunlight at the South Pole. Right. And if whenever not over Sunday.
Jin-Yi Yu: Escape from middle radical to hierarchy before he will cut absorb absorb absorb absorb absorb absorb ricotta break a pattern of the stratosphere up at the South Pole, there's no chance any sunlight not over from other about it and they send SMS directly above
Jin-Yi Yu: So sport is 24 hours on that. That's what the whole south pole you in June, July, August, very, very, very cool. But a call the spark is a very, very powerful.
Jin-Yi Yu: And something that 24 hours a night in North Pole you in June, July, August, and then so it's 24 hours and I Anna Santa Santa Santa, but most of the hundred percent Santa can absorb it at the top of
Jin-Yi Yu: The North Pole in the stratosphere and ink can ask, sorry, are you out UV radiation can even as UV radiation can even answer. So the warm is temperature is always
Jin-Yi Yu: Had a top of North Pole. The Korean temperature in the bottom of South Pole during June to August and the same argument goes for December, January proper if I get up on
Jin-Yi Yu: So why this is important. This is going to explain why we have our own boat depletion of him. And then the other significance of this whole picture is even you said, I don't care about
Jin-Yi Yu: Temperature I study water cycle energy cycle. I don't care about temperature only care about when
Jin-Yi Yu: Then I'm going to tell you because we are in June, July, August,
Jin-Yi Yu: Because now we have a woman. A here.
Jin-Yi Yu: We'll call this area here.
Jin-Yi Yu: Because of this temperature difference. So you see
Jin-Yi Yu: Now, but when the Russian is completely different between if we look at when in a status in the troposphere.
Jin-Yi Yu: nears are now.
Jin-Yi Yu: Warm here CO HERE cold here and then we are doing TJ. So, always ask people what season. Are you asking and warm here go here. Now, how does we look like in the troposphere.
Jin-Yi Yu: They are symmetric. So you have strongest Western, you would just read, read. Oh, no.
Jin-Yi Yu: I'm sorry, that's our motto very quickly.
Jin-Yi Yu: Okay, we have one this year courtesy to take a
Jin-Yi Yu: Call here call the ministers troposphere. Okay, Patrick. And then in the troposphere, the strongest when worse than you would in the middle.
Jin-Yi Yu: About 30 to 40 to clean off and then you have was they were tested again outside Australia and New Zealand facility cleaners Western Western symmetric
Jin-Yi Yu: But in the stratosphere, you're gonna have a very, very strong jet stream circle around this woman, but it's going from east to west. So in in Crimea. When we say easterly when
Jin-Yi Yu: Is going when coming from East Coast to West
Jin-Yi Yu: When we say west. When we say Western ways when coming from west to east
Jin-Yi Yu: So here we have what we call and then
Jin-Yi Yu: Know when it's going to be very strong is the tip and in the southern hemisphere raise Trump was later in the in the troposphere is all both hemispheres Wesley check this, the intake. A if you go to these
Jin-Yi Yu: Right, you're going to change.
Jin-Yi Yu: The warm to become here.
Jin-Yi Yu: Cope come here you find out that you're going to have will change from east to west west to east
Jin-Yi Yu: So in the stratosphere. The wind is always empty symmetric between Northern Hemisphere and southern hemisphere.
Jin-Yi Yu: In the troposphere is always symmetric and the wind direction is over reverse from one season to the Odyssey.
Jin-Yi Yu: And the reason is because the temperature distribution because temperature is going to come to pressure price or equal to try to win. Okay, so you've you've studied at the master chemistry.
Jin-Yi Yu: All these chemistry transport in the stratosphere is carry all this gesture and you have to recognize the fact that yesterday direction in the stratosphere always reverse
Jin-Yi Yu: Between season, but I'll just bring the Russian the strongest we in the troposphere, but the Russian never change always calling from west to east
Jin-Yi Yu: Hey everybody, remember this, and then again in meteorology in history, which means coming from east, west, the way means coming from West, but in all oceanography USA is the war.
Jin-Yi Yu: Current and west to war.
Jin-Yi Yu: Current oceanographic always refer to the emotion based on where the direction you go to meteorology always refer to the direction of the wind based on where it come from.
Jin-Yi Yu: Okay, so this is the some even remember. Okay, so this is going to be very important for our data understanding of the situation because the if you study at a must be chemistry in the in the muck in the
Jin-Yi Yu: In this chemistry group. You need to know what happened in the stratosphere. Okay, I'm running out of time. So that's what we're showing here okay here. This is data whenever you look at a figure you ask people what season, are we talking about
Jin-Yi Yu: This is no no winker see the CODIS temperature is here. Right. And the one this is 200 amoeba. And then this is about one me back. So this is choppers stratosphere stratosphere summary here.
Jin-Yi Yu: And then you can see that the call was the warmest temperature in the winter is here.
Jin-Yi Yu: And it called is the near the lower part one equal Northern Hemisphere summer.
Jin-Yi Yu: There we see the coldest temperature. He's here enormous temperature is here is reverse
Jin-Yi Yu: The Apple Pika. Okay, so this is a very important concept. And now you can see that the during the winter season of southern hemisphere during the winter season. I'm not hemisphere.
Jin-Yi Yu: That temperature near the bottom of stratosphere. Up, up north pole about ourselves for always told it. However, if you look at is to prove you notice that
Jin-Yi Yu: You notice that these blue is much, MUCH BROADER THAN THIS non human spirit through this is not having to be a puddle. He has 220 250 and 210 200
Jin-Yi Yu: Or five. So here is still above 220 degree. See that you wanted to quickly see okay is k and then the AC.
Jin-Yi Yu: Astronomers feel over South Pole Trump to only below 190 decreasing. So this is coming. It means
Jin-Yi Yu: The bottom of the stratosphere over the South Pole is always always colder then sort of non hemisphere stratosphere does not get as Co us the stratosphere Enos southern hemisphere sounds pop. That's why ozone hole depression.
Jin-Yi Yu: only happen in the South Pole, you do not see all rumble depression auto happen in the North Pole.
Jin-Yi Yu: Because of this temperature. Okay, so last Thursday story in this chapter, you need to remember why we only see ozone hole.
Jin-Yi Yu: In the lower stratosphere about so unhappy reason why we never occasion we can, but most of time, we cannot
Jin-Yi Yu: See autumn Hall happiness. What because knows. Pause stratospheric temperature, either in the winter time, it is winter time is still not as Co us southpaw
Jin-Yi Yu: And in order to produce all them hope, depression, you are or hope you need to have the stratospherically temperature drops below how many degrees C.
Jin-Yi Yu: Minus 88 equation. Remember this number only the stratosphere temperature drop below minus at decreasing prosper. Hundred and 73 he called over 100 190 something right
Jin-Yi Yu: Right, so remember here on engine 90 K see only south pole has temperature up you know 190 K Rino spot always go around 200 k, right. So in order for all them how to happen. The temperature has to be zero minus 80 degree. See what happens when your temperature drop you know my one on my
Jin-Yi Yu: Truck. You know, add Quincy, because when you have a temperature drop, you know, add greasy in the lower stratosphere, you're going to produce a cow call pop
Jin-Yi Yu: In the pop in a poor area of Australia Sofia Coppola's transferable crap. Why is it important for autumn hope because this car is not just water crap, this cow is a frozen up mixture of water and nitric oxide.
Jin-Yi Yu: And nitric oxide is important to come on over the long haul. If you do not have this
Jin-Yi Yu: Cow forming to frozen water, together with these natural oxide, then you do not have this natural oxide to help keep the this car podcasters can alter the chemistry of the low stratosphere by allowing this
Jin-Yi Yu: chemical process. See, when you have this natural outside in this portal stress cow in this natural outside. I'm not very good in chemistry. So this is general information. So this not oxide will help
Jin-Yi Yu: The chlorine to become a from an active form of query to become active form of query. So we all know that the automotive automotive is caused by crawling.
Jin-Yi Yu: To also so nothing to do with not not to accept but natural outside hell to convert this crawling funder an active form to active form and become ready to attack all them.
Jin-Yi Yu: And to produce ozone hope. Right. But in order for this active form of crawling and this all them to produce chemical reaction in need to have
Jin-Yi Yu: UV radiation okay UV radiation is available on me when we have sunlight. Remember, we say, When are we going to see this crowd for Ami in them. When the polar region is in a winter winter or a polar region. Did you see a nice and I
Jin-Yi Yu: KNOWS I'M NOT RIGHT, TOMMY Formosa night behind this chemical chemistry process to produce or amo require Santa. Right. That's why we need to have
Jin-Yi Yu: Stratosphere goes through a winter to produce a temperature in the Alberta most poverty in another stratosphere to drop below minus 80 degrees. He to form Porter's China's club and posters car has it isn't.
Jin-Yi Yu: Natural oxide seems to come on the crawling ready to attack or up but this attraction cannot happen in the winter time. So we have way way way way way way way way when you're springtime. When a Sunday repin some return to polar region to put us on hold. So all Romo only happen in season.
Jin-Yi Yu: In the spring season in which part of us on the in a lower stratosphere about South Pole right why in the spring season because he said that why only in the South Pole, because only in that region is the winter before the spring is cold enough
Jin-Yi Yu: To turn on all these preparation for some academic work or studies again. So this is the third interesting story. You have to be able to tell when we
Jin-Yi Yu: Come after we understand this horizontal distribution of the temperature. So on our next lecture I'm going to explain. So now you're gonna ask a question.
Jin-Yi Yu: Why most part temperature in the stratosphere is not exactly the same as South Park. Oh, this is almost symmetric between equator it within our hemisphere and southern hemisphere any fees color or purple non atmosphere canopy Southern Hemisphere. How can we produce different color temperature
Jin-Yi Yu: And not come to very important simple recognize when we study coming. No, no hemisphere is different from southern hemisphere. Anybody in which way.
Kyle Manley: More landmass.
Jin-Yi Yu: More than mass. That's the key. OK. So the reason we do not have all of them happen over knows per region is because we have an idea and Rocky Mountain.
Jin-Yi Yu: And if we don't, if we remove him and I are you we do to engineer, could you create or I'm all over North Pole.
Jin-Yi Yu: Then you need money you need to do is your remote Himalaya your remote Rocky Mountain, and then you're going to make this all happen in the North Pole region due to his process and will be squad next week. Okay, I'll stop here.
Jin-Yi Yu: And as I said at
Jin-Yi Yu: The homeboys have already post on the canvas preschool there to do a night and if for any reason you cannot understand audience or any mistake happen in that homework, please send me an email to notify me because the first night to the homework.
Jin-Yi Yu: On canvas. OK.
Jin-Yi Yu: OK to do. Yes.
Jerry Lin: What does it do
Jin-Yi Yu: I do next Thursday.
Jin-Yi Yu: Is all in
Jin-Yi Yu: One week
Jin-Yi Yu: And I need to discuss office hours, you guys.
Jin-Yi Yu: Later. Okay, thank you very much. Bye.