Jin-Yi Yu: Good morning, everybody.
Jin-Yi Yu: Thank you for showing up for his room lecture. So I think this quarter, because the department. Try to name it is class to the BS student only. So we have a smaller class size this quarter and
Jin-Yi Yu: On the syllabus as saying you and on a website originated. I will try to do the I was praying the duty room lecture. So we're going to meet every Tuesday and Thursday.
Jin-Yi Yu: And Lisa and Lisa remaining but after a few thought I decide that I'm going to change the format of this class to the pre recording
Jin-Yi Yu: Format. So after this lecture or became Francis day I will upload a pre recorded lecture on the class website and then you can choose your own time to watch the video and to be sent to my are actually on Lisa
Jin-Yi Yu: We do for our make everybody's schedule more flexible, so we don't need to show up at a certain time. Is this a room meeting so that anybody has
Jin-Yi Yu: Any question on Lisa actual format.
Jin-Yi Yu: Now, okay. So can everybody hear me.
Kevin Lee （李凱惟）: Yes.
Jin-Yi Yu: Okay, thank you.
Jin-Yi Yu: Thank you, Kevin.
Jin-Yi Yu: Yeah, so our oil you caught on a web class website. Our changed updated information there. And basically, or an actual post on the class website which already gave you the HTTP address so preschool day or two.
Jin-Yi Yu: To watch the video. Okay. So let me first share my PowerPoint. So I can give you an overview of these cars.
Jin-Yi Yu: Just a minute.
Jin-Yi Yu: Okay. So can everybody see the PowerPoint.
Jin-Yi Yu: From your screen, my PowerPoint.
Kevin Lee （李凱惟）: Yeah, we can see it.
Kevin Lee （李凱惟）: Okay.
Jin-Yi Yu: Good, thank you.
Jin-Yi Yu: Now, so first that's aside show here on this.
Jin-Yi Yu: Let me get a pen.
Jin-Yi Yu: So here we are no longer going to meet on the sun, a room match. And I'm going to do the pre recorded lecture and I'm still going to do the room meeting for Wednesday office hour, which is a discussion section nine to 9:15am but I assume that most of you probably were attendee discussion.
Jin-Yi Yu: Not to discuss the homework question. So this quote this week, we do not have any discussion section. But beginning from next week, our go to the room meeting and see if anyone has questions, you can just come to a room link and then ask me question on the on the remeeting
Jin-Yi Yu: And the textbook is the one that is called a robbery or severe and hazardous weather, the fifth edition. But if you have early edition. They are also okay because basically
Jin-Yi Yu: What I'm going to present a pretty similar. In the fifth edition and early edition. So, but as as I'm going to show you here. This is a textbook.
Jin-Yi Yu: This is a fifth edition. Okay, so basically I all unilateral it contains most of the key information from the textbook and I present in my lecture. So an order final and meet and question and homework I suppose the only coming from the part of the
Jin-Yi Yu: Tests that I mentioned in the introduction, so
Jin-Yi Yu: But this textbook is very, very good textbook. If you are really interesting in meteorology and doing some way to entices you should try to read this textbook even
Jin-Yi Yu: Los para I didn't mention in the in the PowerPoint in the lecture because I'll give you a whole idea about a weather phenomena, I discussed in the lecture. So I encourage you to read the take a look up a textbook. When we go through each chapter. Please read a textbook.
Jin-Yi Yu: And upgrading initially in the syllabus. I send you are going to do 30% homework 70% metre 60% final and 10% the pop quiz intellectual
Jin-Yi Yu: That is the way I did the gray in the past, but is this year due to this virtual and my format I decided not to. We cannot do this in class.
Jin-Yi Yu: Participation of pop quiz. So I'm going to increase the waiting for the midterm and final of the 35% and then homework is
Jin-Yi Yu: 70% the homeboys weekly homework. Most of them are basically just to part one pays the multiple choice and the other pies, more like a simple simple answer question. Now you present the something related to
Jin-Yi Yu: Was number two in the weather analysis and looking at where I'm at these kind of things.
Jin-Yi Yu: And predatory
Jin-Yi Yu: Released the homework every Thursday every Tuesday and until next Tuesday are probably a research thing until next Thursday. So if you have a question, you can come to the Wednesday discussion section there asked me a question related to the homework.
Jin-Yi Yu: Okay. OK, and
Jin-Yi Yu: Now if you go to the ER a look at the cost website but one in mind reader underneath my homepage. You can see that basic I
Jin-Yi Yu: Upload all this PowerPoint fire. I'm going to go through in each week already up the often in the website so you can read a PowerPoint, before, after the Rapture.
Jin-Yi Yu: If you want to study or you want to use any part during the actual recording actually do not fully understand you can go to this PDF file to click on this PDF file to go through this lecture or present
Jin-Yi Yu: Any other question.
Jin-Yi Yu: No. Okay, so now let's go. So this is quite what to expect from this
Jin-Yi Yu: This class. So basically this class cover three pack so basically first. First is trying to give you an overview of the way the system.
Jin-Yi Yu: In metadata and tropics. So funny statement, you can tell that our wireless system as supposed to be separate into two parts.
Jin-Yi Yu: One is where this system in the tropical region that between 30 degrees north and surface the query cells is because inside this tropical region is a tropical region.
Jin-Yi Yu: There is a very important characteristic that determine the weather system in this area, we have
Jin-Yi Yu: Uniform the warm
Jin-Yi Yu: Atmosphere, it must be as you only funny one very and what may be where it is. So the, the Queen necessity that we sauce. Okay. And in the Mediterranean region.
Jin-Yi Yu: Our atmosphere has another characteristic in Panama with temperature distribution in the middle of the region, the temperature decrease from brain warm to the south to become very, very cold in the north. So in the meat attack your region, we have a strong
Jin-Yi Yu: temperature change.
Jin-Yi Yu: We started to
Jin-Yi Yu: So instead of uniformly warm our temperature, keep on changing very quickly in meteorology and that's why these two different characteristic you went in for a warm in a tropical region. Keep rise to one particular type of severe weather system which is
Jin-Yi Yu: Hurry can
Jin-Yi Yu: Right. And in the meter by the region because temperature to quit so quickly with the data to keep drives to another type of severe weather system, which we call winter storm. Okay, so basically
Jin-Yi Yu: When we do when a forecasting. We are basically trying to forecast to people group or weather phenomena either winter storm in meet you
Jin-Yi Yu: Here or hurricane in tropical region and these two kind of when a phenomena. They are controlled by break different
Jin-Yi Yu: Physics right if an item is very dynamic no way we predict or understand the weather phenomena associated with this group of phenomena are different. So we need to discuss this book about weather system secretary. That's why in this castle.
Jin-Yi Yu: In this course description.
Jin-Yi Yu: Or clean
Jin-Yi Yu: So in this discussion we separate the weather system into two area.
Jin-Yi Yu: Tropical
Jin-Yi Yu: Region and mentality region. So, quantity squared, and then we need to do a second part after with this quite aware of in Amina we need to describe what are
Jin-Yi Yu: The fundamental dynamics or physics process that control.
Jin-Yi Yu: Or is whether phenomena, because only we know what physical process control the weather phenomena. There we are. Be we will be able to predict this window system. So that's the second part.
Jin-Yi Yu: The physics, the solar power is when we want to do, whether innocence either ennis's
Jin-Yi Yu: Try to look at when a map and tell people what is going to happen in the United States, based on weather map has called emphasis
Jin-Yi Yu: Or we want to do the prediction of forecast forecast means we now have this weather man look at least based on what a man. Now, what can we say about a weather in the next 424 hours 48 hours or
Jin-Yi Yu: 72 hour that's forecasting. Right. So in order to do the weather analysis and weather forecasting, we need to have some basic
Jin-Yi Yu: Technique and those basic technique is going to be described briefly in this class. Okay. Because the weather forecasting NSA skill is sell me to have a lot of discussion. So here we are going to just give you the basic idea about how to do this basic where the emphasis
Jin-Yi Yu: As you're going to learn that these basic whether MS is, is basically including two technique. One is look at the weather map.
Jin-Yi Yu: And under what a map. We can find out where is the low pressure. Where is the high pressure, who is the warm air. Where is the cold air. Where is the humid air where our try by looking at this temperature, pressure, humidity, and encoding when information, we can do a lot of
Jin-Yi Yu: Discussion or emphasis tell people, we're going to have good weather or whether we're going to have
Jin-Yi Yu: freezing rain or we are going to have a snow just based on all this information and this is the first elementary weather and his technique we're going to mention. And the second part is looking at the vertical
Jin-Yi Yu: Profiles structure or operator temperature and based on the vertical. So this one is horizontal. We look at how temperature
Jin-Yi Yu: pressure, humidity, when dispute Barry in a horizontal direction. We can also look at how temperature, humidity, and we change was had by looking at this vertical
Jin-Yi Yu: Profile.
Jin-Yi Yu: Of temperature, humidity, and when we can also do a lot of discussion and analysis even forecasting about whether or not we're going to get a summer stone widow. Now, we don't have Kyle on we have corral at what high
Jin-Yi Yu: In the sky, we can expect to see club. Hang on. Oh, crap. So that's a surprise or obelisk pass the enemy every innocence.
Jin-Yi Yu: So, but this is going to be briefly mention while we discussed the weather phenomena.
Jin-Yi Yu: Okay, so that's a three part of these three component of this lecture.
Jin-Yi Yu: And then here is, as you can see I show each week what we're going to discuss right now you can see that the way I discussed in this call to discuss in this quarter is based on
Jin-Yi Yu: The all the chapter that is in the textbook from chapter 123679 or with to candy seven. Okay, so if you read the title of each chapter you will realize that this textbook divide this text, the whole textbook into three parts. The first part is here.
Jin-Yi Yu: It gives you a very basic knowledge about the property of our atmosphere basically tell you what is temperature, pressure, humidity, and when and why do we care about him right and I believe most of you already have idea about all these three key at the most critical property.
Jin-Yi Yu: Then we need to find out how we can measure or is key, at the most, for a property and then report all measurement on what a map right and that's the first part of this textbook and also these cars.
Jin-Yi Yu: So he says introduction
Jin-Yi Yu: Then we are going to go to the physical part of this class we're going to, because after we have weather map right we this United States North America, South America equator. And then now we know where the
Jin-Yi Yu: Where the high pressure is where the low pressure is what can we say after we know where are low and high pressure and located
Jin-Yi Yu: Right in order to be able to explain what is going to happen around high pressure low pressure they we need to know very basic physics that control.
Jin-Yi Yu: Whereas through pressure and that's what we will discuss in the chapter seven about force and force patterns. And then when we look at the vertical profile of temperature.
Jin-Yi Yu: In the sky temperature, humidity, then we need to know, how can we use this information to predict or to guess where we are going to see the high cow or low carb right and knowledge in order to do that we need to train ourselves to have idea about what is Ottoman spherical stability.
Jin-Yi Yu: And then, so this is this part is really to me cream everything
Jin-Yi Yu: So this is basic knowledge and now we come to say compact about a physics in dynamic
Jin-Yi Yu: We've to S3. So this one is going to tell us how to what is the physics.
Jin-Yi Yu: Come to the vertical direction of atmospheric commotion has caught a monster.
Jin-Yi Yu: Instability and then we're going to discuss what is a physics. It comes for the horizontal motion about autonomous vehicle or the weather phenomena.
Jin-Yi Yu: As force and for Spanish them all together, we need to discuss why for example if we have a low pressure system right now and what a map here.
Jin-Yi Yu: We have from the weather map we know we have a low pressure now located on the eastern side Rocky Mountain here rocky mountains here.
Jin-Yi Yu: Now we are going to want to predict is this dog pressure or this when a system is going to getting stronger or weaker right
Jin-Yi Yu: Because that's very important information for us to do the weather forecasting. So we need to know what our physical process control the development of low or high pressure system. So that's the third part of our second component, the physics.
Jin-Yi Yu: Now the third component is here. The rest of the class. We are going to describe or is where the system, the severe weather system. Now we are going to encompass in meteorology. So to be stopping here.
Jin-Yi Yu: Babysitting happened in meet it here.
Jin-Yi Yu: As I say the most important meeting if the weather is winter storm.
Jin-Yi Yu: And then we can only spend only one week, very briefly talk about it, tropical weather system, which is the Harry can
Jin-Yi Yu: OK, so the most of these half of this quarter. We are going to describe when a system.
Jin-Yi Yu: phenomena associated with the window system and we are going to the expo is going to use the United States as example so everything will explain this kind of based on the weather system, we observed in the United States. Okay, so you can see that we're going to talk about
Jin-Yi Yu: The extra tropical cycle on the eastern side or Rocky Mountain which including near Colorado, including in Canada. And because our the winter storm in the United States can be always move around in file particular
Jin-Yi Yu: Past trajectory sometimes come from.
Jin-Yi Yu: Canada, the eastern side of Canada.
Jin-Yi Yu: Come here to to the United States. Sometimes it come from Eastern side on Rocky Mountain near
Jin-Yi Yu: Me Colorado and moved to United States require a Colorado and then sometimes is moving along the east coast from cow stream here.
Jin-Yi Yu: Cross the land to the north east, the United States or moving around the ocean to Eastern United States or the winner stump directly developing
Jin-Yi Yu: And Atlantic Ocean. They move to the north eastern side of United States. Right. And then the last trajectory is a winter storm coming through the California
Jin-Yi Yu: west, east, west coast of the United States always coming from our user know so basically we already know how, in what direction we're going to see the winter storm come to hit the United States. I can tell that
Jin-Yi Yu: Most of the winners at the end will come to where the north eastern part of the United States. That's why in this way, like region in New York City in Boston area. Those are the area.
Jin-Yi Yu: That of the United States that have the most frequent encounter of winter storm right and then you ask yourself why on is Windows they prefer to move to this north eastern part of the United States. Why don't they go to the other side right will explain that based on
Jin-Yi Yu: The links for of the discussion then after we discuss why the owners don't always more in this fight particular direction in the United States. We're going to begin to discuss describe all weather phenomena severe weather going around this.
Jin-Yi Yu: winter storm system. So let me quickly go through these. So, you know, good idea about Hawaii, the textbook order those weather phenomena in those chapter by that particular order.
Jin-Yi Yu: So because all the weather system associated with no pressure. Because if we have high pressure high pressure or give you clear sky.
Jin-Yi Yu: Whether there's no room for
Jin-Yi Yu: So we are not particularly interested in high pressure except during the summertime when in California that in this passing summer when we have high pressure sitting over the whole West's western side of the United States. We have high pressure here.
Jin-Yi Yu: Then California how this West Coast of the United States is going to have very, very hot and humid summer due to the high pressure, but most often when a system that is textbook going to discuss
Jin-Yi Yu: Is are related to this low pressure system winter storm. OK. So now if we look at this map, you have a winter storm located
Jin-Yi Yu: No pressure, located here on the eastern side of the Rocky Mountain, then you can tell. The first thing we need to find out is, where is this red nine. Where is this balloon, which we are going to learn. They are called won't run
Jin-Yi Yu: And this one is called cold front and why we care about these two. SO ALL OUR WEATHER AND THIS IS IF YOU ARE weather forecasting.
Jin-Yi Yu: Responsible for doing the weather forecasting weather and is this the first time you get a weather map. What is the information you want to find out first. You want to find out where is that old fashioned located. Second, I want to find out where is that
Jin-Yi Yu: warm front.
Jin-Yi Yu: Where is that co located, I need to draw these two nine. OK. So the one price should be always read, but in the coal fire is blue, but because of big one in this slides, all those ideas use
Jin-Yi Yu: The black car is warm fun in co founder, why you need to do this because after that you'll find out who had a woman fun and cool fun
Jin-Yi Yu: I located, then you know all the weather phenomena or the winter storm Sandy stone freezing rain is going to happen just lie around in their bravery big area to the north of this one from nine or is freezing
Jin-Yi Yu: black eyes snow, ice rate is going to happen here in order thunderstorm or or I can tornado is going to happen in front of in a very narrow area in front or is Brunei
Jin-Yi Yu: So as soon as you can show this. You first find out where low pressure is then you second you can swap where one Franco funnies then you can do
Jin-Yi Yu: Weather forecasting and whether ns. This you can tell people if you leave right to the north of this great night. Then you expect to see you ran freezing rain is padded snow.
Jin-Yi Yu: When you move nozzle and if you leave right in front of for example on this solid state on United States some some part of United States, you can predict that immediately very close to this Brunei
Jin-Yi Yu: You are going to have tornado, hurricane. OK, so the these freezing when when a phenomena is going to happen to the north of this
Jin-Yi Yu: Re nine in a very big area and all these severe storm tornado babies severe
Jin-Yi Yu: Violence, whether it's going to happen in the bravery Nero pen ahead of this balloon. And so that's why all the witnesses his truck in the past. Before we a computer or is meteorology.
Jin-Yi Yu: Of officer. What they do is they look at what a man and decide where this brain is where these Brunei is and then they can describe
Jin-Yi Yu: This forecast what kind of weather phenomena is happening or it's going to happen. Okay, so what are the what are we going to happen in front or is Brunei
Jin-Yi Yu: In in front of this re nine and this is what this textbook value. Okay, this expo the chapter is all in such a way that the textbook is going to first begin from here.
Jin-Yi Yu: So we're going to begin from freezing rain and I always called severe weather freezing. When I started his first year, so you will be chapter to chapter
Jin-Yi Yu: Then when these co editor passing through the Great Lakes region is going to produce lake effect snow storm. That's why a lot of the CD around these
Jin-Yi Yu: Great, great, great agreed in Buffalo, they always have very severe, severe snowstorm. And this chapter, try to tell you why.
Jin-Yi Yu: Right. And then we continue to move. And also, and also we are going to get very, very cold weather coming back from Canada, Alaska, the following on the eastern side document that and that's why we need to talk about all these call we call such coming up in when his
Jin-Yi Yu: Whole West Coast co weather cold temperature coming down from Canada from Alaska or is cold temperature air coming down coming down coming down coming into it more and more songs. Will they will meet with a lot of moisture coming from the
Jin-Yi Yu: Gulf of Mexico and
Jin-Yi Yu: Also from Atlantic Ocean, or is moisture cost center here casino here so emotion is called a meetings Korea right on this corner.
Jin-Yi Yu: Always on
Jin-Yi Yu: This north west corner of low price when that's done here. We're going to produce the laws snowstorm in this be as strong as Winston has called gray Prem preserve the bread grant and please please going to happen here. And that's why the chapter.
Jin-Yi Yu: 15 is going to talk about is that when we come to this area or this area, an area. We have a lot of mountain. So we are going to continue to talk about the mountains, not Stone Mountain when
Jin-Yi Yu: We stop, actually. So I should be released on our winter stuff should be snow storm and wisdom. And then after we come to this side.
Jin-Yi Yu: We come to the north western side of this low project. First, we go to the east side of this low patches here.
Jin-Yi Yu: So already severe weather is cold, beginning from Eastern side. So we have Lisa freezing rain decks effects no stone, and then we come to go away and Nicole to please a condition here on the northwestern sign, then we can continue more to the mountain side here.
Jin-Yi Yu: And then we're going to move to this blue area we're going to explain why we see some the stone in this area.
Jin-Yi Yu: And then why in this company with this semester. We are going to see tornado.
Jin-Yi Yu: And why when we have started on semester. We're going to have hailstorm why lighter needs to happen. Why we have done to happen. So basically this textbook is trying to describe all the weather phenomena on counter clockwise
Jin-Yi Yu: Direction around these low pressure
Jin-Yi Yu: System.
Jin-Yi Yu: Now we
Jin-Yi Yu: always call me when to stop. Okay, so that's why we're going to go through in this class. And at the very end.
Jin-Yi Yu: If we tell our colon briefly describe this hurricane phenomena is also a low pressure system, but he's no pressure happen in the tropical region.
Jin-Yi Yu: Right, so it's only if only one that's why when we have hurricane or a severe weather is happening 360 degree or a snow auto auto struggling is going to be happen in every
Jin-Yi Yu: Direction around this. No pressure, but for low pressure in the meter it region, we cannot see craft forming a bit when the car only form in this
Jin-Yi Yu: Car machine can see this shedding area American is going to have
Jin-Yi Yu: Like 360 degree is stop the central part we have hurricane. I didn't see the car, but for one is no pressure move to meet at your region is only produce weather around these two areas actress three areas.
Jin-Yi Yu: One is to the north of homes one front one is to them to the two in front of his co founder, he can surpass is and this northwestern corner the freezer. Okay, so we're going to go through these one, so this is where I would expect.
Jin-Yi Yu: Three components introduction dynamic and weather phenomena. Okay. Anyone has question.
Jin-Yi Yu: No. Okay.
Jin-Yi Yu: Now,
Jin-Yi Yu: Let's move to the first
Jin-Yi Yu: The first
Jin-Yi Yu: Chapter
Jin-Yi Yu: Which is deeper introduction about the
Jin-Yi Yu: Property of our atmosphere.
Jin-Yi Yu: Just mean me peppery
Jin-Yi Yu: Okay, so if you have question ETFs
Jin-Yi Yu: mute your microphone as well. Okay, now
Jin-Yi Yu: So I because this, this quarter. We only allow the PSTN to take this class. So I already have you already take e SS 55 so are asking. I'm going to describe in the first
Jin-Yi Yu: Chapter, you probably already know, but you have to keep in mind this course is going to discuss the severe weather.
Jin-Yi Yu: So, as I say, the severe weather. The key thing is if you are what a forecaster then. First thing you need to find out where the low pressure is so you need to know.
Jin-Yi Yu: The pressure information of our atmosphere are, you know, be where the low pressure is located example in the United States is here or here.
Jin-Yi Yu: Appear to locate a low pressure. Now you need to do. What is next thing you need to do anybody
Jin-Yi Yu: Remember what I say.
Jin-Yi Yu: If you want to find a severe weather.
Jin-Yi Yu: THE SEVERE WEATHER only happen in two particular path.
Jin-Yi Yu: Around this low pressure system right. Anybody know what is, what are those. What are these two particular part
Jin-Yi Yu: One is the one from
Jin-Yi Yu: The other is the
Jin-Yi Yu: Whole front.
Jin-Yi Yu: Right. So as a weather forecast. The most important thing you need to find out where the warm front end of a cold front as
Jin-Yi Yu: Soon as you know where to one from co friend is the disquiet or the severe weather or of snow and freezing rain is going to happen here.
Jin-Yi Yu: In order Sanders Tom hailstorm tornado is going to happen here and all the freezer or is very strong wind behaviors know it's going to happen here. And that's why
Jin-Yi Yu: As I say, all these whether or is winter stoneware it or look back a comma ship crowd. Okay, if you look at satellite. The winter storm the car associate with Windows Phone or, at least, and you know that the center of this low pressure is here.
Jin-Yi Yu: Somewhere here.
Jin-Yi Yu: Because this freezer is to be to your northwest. So you're supposed to be on the south eastern side of these, these
Jin-Yi Yu: Karma area. So in order to find out where the one phone call from us. You need to find us the temperature information you need to use the moisture information and you need to
Jin-Yi Yu: Use the when information. Okay, I'm going to explain to you very quickly when we go to this three quantity because it is well known that all these
Jin-Yi Yu: And here, so
Jin-Yi Yu: Well, when we have low pressure here.
Jin-Yi Yu: Producer up
Jin-Yi Yu: On front year
Jin-Yi Yu: Producer co found here.
Jin-Yi Yu: So what is the front means
Jin-Yi Yu: From is means boundary
Jin-Yi Yu: And pantry means between
Jin-Yi Yu: A. M. Right, different property have a very different property or B. Right, so usually least on Franco fun identify all located, because we know
Jin-Yi Yu: Began we behind this coven we are very, very cold temperature in final poll from your brain a brain warm temperature in
Jin-Yi Yu: Behind ahead of this one front. We have also very cold temperature and also usually in this warm for the is very humid.
Jin-Yi Yu: And all these coins very dry. So that's why, if you look at the moisture
Jin-Yi Yu: To find out where to try and moist air is if you look at the temperature. Find out where that warm and cold temperature is then
Jin-Yi Yu: You can find out where the warm flamenco fun I supposed to carry that you can do the weather forecasting and what is the purpose. When do you usually the wind direction will stop any change.
Jin-Yi Yu: behind and in front of one phone call phone so after us, temperature, moisture to locate this one phone call phone you can double check.
Jin-Yi Yu: See what or not. You saw this one phone call for ended up right occasion, because if you draw based on temperature, humidity, you guess to decide a co 140 CM code for is here and all projects here, then you can double check whether or not the wind Kodak these these they always change direction.
Jin-Yi Yu: Before, and after. In front of or behind these co founder and SMC we encode at these code, at least. So that's why we also need when information. Okay, so try to remember
Jin-Yi Yu: When you look at all these property, you have one goal in mind.
Jin-Yi Yu: Try to locate or identifying
Jin-Yi Yu: Where
Jin-Yi Yu: The
Jin-Yi Yu: Code from
Jin-Yi Yu: And warm from are located. So we are going to use these to decide is soon as we decide is then we can do the weather and this is that we're forecasting now. So let's first look at a temperature
Jin-Yi Yu: Okay.
Jin-Yi Yu: So actually, now I see how many, how many of you are here already.
Jin-Yi Yu: For me to have
Jin-Yi Yu: Give me one minute.
Jin-Yi Yu: Here.
Oh, yeah.
Jin-Yi Yu: Okay.
Jin-Yi Yu: Okay, now we first look at that first property is temperature
Jin-Yi Yu: And the temperature
Jin-Yi Yu: First, anybody know what is the meaning of temperature right temperature is try to in the internal physics. If you learn from. He has 55 when we have high
Jin-Yi Yu: A temperature
Jin-Yi Yu: Indoor
Jin-Yi Yu: air temperature, what are the key difference between this one a key information that though in high value or temperature, temperature, tell us anybody
Jin-Yi Yu: So basically, temperature, temperature, tell us
Jin-Yi Yu: That in our atmosphere, the air molecules is moving very, very fast. All very slowly. Right, very fast it's moving very, very fast, then it has high
Jin-Yi Yu: Temperature is moving slowly, then you have low temperature. So how can we make me a more cooler in autumn as we move faster or slower. So you have to make them move faster. That means we need to keep that a more pure energy. Where does energy coming from from sunlight. Right.
Jin-Yi Yu: Is solar energy, so we are sunlight. Sunlight come to our bows and feed up warm up our air molecules and make it
Jin-Yi Yu: More faster. And then we are higher temperature or lower temperature. So that's the physical meaning of temperature. Everybody know that right air temperature is a measurement of the average internal kinetic energy of a market kinetic energy means the moving how fast they move on.
Jin-Yi Yu: And this fiscal meaning determining a very unique temperature unit, which we call Kelvin.
Jin-Yi Yu: Because so usually in this class. We only care about Celsius and Fahrenheit because or whether NSF in the war. Most of the country, pretty much everybody else besides United States use decrease see, to report a temperature only in the United States out where I'm at. Use Fahrenheit to report.
Jin-Yi Yu: Temperature, but because the definition of air temperature is how much energy, the air molecules carry so that means the temperature is supposed to be equal to providing if
Jin-Yi Yu: A monocle is not moving at all. If we have an air multiple in atmosphere, not a does not move at all. It does not have any kinetic energy, then his temperature value is supposed to be zero. Right. But we find out that zero degree in Celsius or zero degrees Fahrenheit is doesn't
Jin-Yi Yu: guarantee the air is motionless only when we have Kelvin degree equal to zero, then that air is completely motionless, because in a. That's why Kelvin is defined as the sales process 273 in order to make the Kelvin equal to zero degree.
Jin-Yi Yu: Then that Celsius temperature must be equal to minus 273 degrees C. So, only when our temperature is close to minus 270 degree. See, then we've got Kelvin zero degree. And that's the temperature that our air is completely
Jin-Yi Yu: Motion less. There's no energy. Okay. But this temperature. Never happened in our current system. So this is a
Jin-Yi Yu: This 200 minus 273 degrees, just a theoretical concept to tell us that air temperature we present the energy, but for out whether this is a concept, you are supposed to already know from ESP pie class, but for all e SS
Jin-Yi Yu: One candy for weather and it says we don't care about this.
Jin-Yi Yu: For this class, we only care about two things related to temperature how temperature change was high in the sky.
Jin-Yi Yu: How. And the second thing is how temperature change in the longer to laugh at you in a horizontal distribution. Okay, particular the north south region. So now I'll explain to you why whether any since we care about temperature change in the
Jin-Yi Yu: vertical direction and temperature change in the north, south, the restaurant in narrative. Explain that. So now first look at the temperature distribution in our
Jin-Yi Yu: In our atmosphere in the vertical direction in our vertical direction. Everybody know that temperature is supposed to be very, very warm Nina surface in there, decrease
Jin-Yi Yu: When we caught up in the troposphere right go to about 10 kilometer. That's where the top of post is and then temperature increase
Jin-Yi Yu: In the stratosphere and the quiz again in the mesosphere increase again in the several sphere, right. And the reason we have this kind of temperature distribution.
Jin-Yi Yu: I think you probably already know that which is explained here which is not important for this class, but I want you to remember the reason why we have so on temperature Nina service.
Jin-Yi Yu: We have warmer temperature near the top of stratosphere. We have warmer temperature at a similar type of similar sphere, because those are the three location A, B, C, where the solar energy
Jin-Yi Yu: Cut up so
Jin-Yi Yu: If I
Jin-Yi Yu: Have absorptive right so near the surface because all the center comes in comes in it. First get absorbed it in the top of this atmosphere by we
Jin-Yi Yu: Are sitting on an oxygen molecule. So a comma or a good camera and X Ray Got absorbed by this
Jin-Yi Yu: oxygen molecule or all of them. And that's why the temperature or Marbury a lot near the top of the sphere and the sun, I continue going down going down.
Jin-Yi Yu: Come into a Mesosphere nobody in the mesosphere can absorb this Sunday. That's why temperature in the mesa sphere. Here is the coldest in our whole atmosphere.
Jin-Yi Yu: And then the summer continue coming down. I mean down coming down, come to the stratosphere where we have ozone.
Jin-Yi Yu: Ozone is called absorbs ultraviolet radiation here and that's why the temperature increase again here.
Jin-Yi Yu: The second time prefers like absorb is on the top of the atmosphere. And that's still to be extra income Erica absorptive by all to monitor and then a second. Hi, sir. Sir energy can absorb it.
Jin-Yi Yu: Is near this in the stratosphere, which is always on absorbs ultraviolet radiation, then the rest of the sun. I will continue coming down coming down coming down and hit the service warm up the survey, that's why.
Jin-Yi Yu: Our temperature near the survey in the troposphere or warmest. Okay, so that's the three key information to remember, in order to explain why temperature
Jin-Yi Yu: In is very warm here the surface and it decrease or increase again in the stratosphere and what air temperature. So call in Mesa sphere and increase again in the similar sphere.
Jin-Yi Yu: OK, so now the important thing is try to look at for this class, we only care about the troposphere, because all the weather phenomena or the weather only happen in
Jin-Yi Yu: The
Jin-Yi Yu: troposphere.
Jin-Yi Yu: Or the standard storm or the severe weather we care about only happened inside
Jin-Yi Yu: troposphere. That's why I see only the troposphere issue crowd crowd. Then you want to ask yourself why we only see when a phenomena in this troposphere in the reason is because
Jin-Yi Yu: We have very, very warm here we are here.
Jin-Yi Yu: We are very one we are standing here we have brain warm air near the surface and we have co air.
Jin-Yi Yu: In the upper part of the troposphere services tropopause
Jin-Yi Yu: Is the troposphere.
Jin-Yi Yu: To this part.
Jin-Yi Yu: See sky. See the temperature is very warm here and decrease is high, so have warm air and the pattern cold air on the top coat is heavy.
Jin-Yi Yu: Right. One is life. So you have light flute.
Jin-Yi Yu: And the pattern, maybe fruit on the top, so they become unstable. The heavy flow, try to come down.
Jin-Yi Yu: Here to try to come down and this one right fruits are caught up so producing temperatures up and down, up and down, up and down motion. That's why we see most of awareness phenomena happen in the troposphere. So this one, tell us that we only can we do the weather entices
Jin-Yi Yu: We only discuss the weather in the first 10 kilometer up our atmosphere where temperatures warm nearest service co on the top of the top of post
Jin-Yi Yu: And so we also learn that these how temperature decrease. We say it performing how stable or not and stable our most fear is when we have very unstable atmosphere is going to produce thunderstorm.
Jin-Yi Yu: Is going to produce, whether that's why I told you when we look at the weather ennis's we care how temperature today in Irvine change was high and only care about the first 10 kilometer of the weather, the temperature change. Okay, we do not care. The whole
Jin-Yi Yu: Or a week or 220 kilometer 30 know we only care about the first 10 kilometer.
Jin-Yi Yu: anybody has questions.
Jin-Yi Yu: No. Okay.
Jin-Yi Yu: Now let's look at. So here the site information as you can see the top of the troposphere is very is
Jin-Yi Yu: Deeper near tropical region and guess shadow and shadow and RICO Puerto Rican. So on average, the top of his travel costs were to happen.
Jin-Yi Yu: And then he would these troubles. We have all the weather and we can see that this weather can go higher to almost 18 chemical in a tropical region for one week or two meter, the meter African region to study the winners in 60 degree knows the average
Jin-Yi Yu: Height of this out tropopause is somewhere close to 10 kilometer. Okay. And that's where we are going to focus on in this region. Now let's continue to
Jin-Yi Yu: Be horizontal distribution in budget, the species in the note sauce direction right you already learned that, because this is equator here.
Jin-Yi Yu: And this is most people this is South Pole and this is surface and this is, but this is not is a temperature
Jin-Yi Yu: Y axis. So you can see the warmest temperature is happening in a tropical region between about 30 degrees, not to certain degree sauce inside between Sonic. We lost and 30 decrease
Jin-Yi Yu: The temperature is only 41 then our temperature will quickly decreased decreased between certainly the winners and 60 degree loss and then become variables uniformly call in a polar region, same thing happen in the southern hemisphere.
Jin-Yi Yu: Decrease quickly between 30 and 60 degrees south and they become uniformly Co. Right. So here we notice that our atmosphere temperature near the surface is categorized terroristic arise by a uniform warm area in the tropical region in
Jin-Yi Yu: Uniformly call in the polar region and in between we have very, very strong temperature change. We started here and some temperature will decreased.
Jin-Yi Yu: from south to north in our atmosphere. So why is this important to our weather and he says, okay, because master reason
Jin-Yi Yu: So, remember our winter storm is going to happen.
Jin-Yi Yu: In this region. So we are going to put a winter storm into this region could produce a low pressure, for example.
Jin-Yi Yu: When we put a low pressure in this region that temperature change very quickly now means these no pressure.
Jin-Yi Yu: It is located. For example, at the 50 degree nos to is not is very cold air to itself is very warm air. So when this no pressure produce motion. Anybody know which direction the wind, you go
Jin-Yi Yu: Clockwise or counterclockwise or clockwise around low pressure system anyone
Jin-Yi Yu: Nobody want to answer that. So usually this up.
Jin-Yi Yu: Counterclockwise motion. Right. Which, of course, this way.
Jin-Yi Yu: Quite. What is the tension is going to bring cold air here come down to me this woman. That's what I produced a warm front end, you're going to bring the warm air and also to me the coin that's why
Jin-Yi Yu: I produce a cold front here. He put his own from here. That's why these don't prejudices that is produced a friend if you put this dog pressure system in the tropical region where
Jin-Yi Yu: The
Jin-Yi Yu: Temperature is only for me.
Jin-Yi Yu: Warm. Then he published low pressure system here, no matter how we move around is kind of in the same warm air to me the same woman, woman. That's why is not going to produce this warm and cold front future. Okay.
Jin-Yi Yu: So that's why, for the reason we have this winter storm happening phenomena happen in the United States here is because
Jin-Yi Yu: This low pressure is happening in a region that temperature change very quickly with in the north south direction. And that's why he produced this one phone call from future and produce a CV aware
Jin-Yi Yu: Okay and this concept was first notice by car Ross be during the war. War two period right he noticed that the reason
Jin-Yi Yu: The way to explain why in Europe or in the North America we encounter so many severe weather during this time during the winter time is come from the fact that the earth.
Jin-Yi Yu: Is very warm in the south very cold. To the north and meet at the region, our region. The temperature change very quickly with Matthew, so he wants to prove this concept by doing a laboratory experiment. So he now put a rotating tank inside this thing.
Jin-Yi Yu: This is over. So these are the qualities you look from the top 10 look like this.
Jin-Yi Yu: So this part is outside is here.
Jin-Yi Yu: In the inside is here, you can see is here. So this is the bird, bird be looking down from the top of his tank and if this is Earth then equator region is very, very warm can use our region you consider as polar region. So this is very warm
Jin-Yi Yu: Here and this is very cold here and very warm here. And because Earth. So we keep on rotating from west to east. That's why they put a motor here to rotate this
Jin-Yi Yu: Pink keep on Rotating. Rotating. Rotating right and he showed up. So we're not looking from above into this thing. So you are standing here and then the thing is keep annotating this way.
Jin-Yi Yu: Right and insights. Very, very we put a mic warm and as I make a call right so a the first minutes you see that all water just moving following this
Jin-Yi Yu: Rock Nine just horizontally. Because the thing is on taking from west to east. So you can see the oldest water is moving but photo is pregnant, but a few minutes later, you notice that nobody has to this water just because you heat up, including
Jin-Yi Yu: Both end of this tank impressed the earth location. You can see that this water become the move up and down, up and down, up and down, up and down and produce way V motion and these web emotion. What is this web emotion mean. So here, as you can see
Jin-Yi Yu: In the middle, it is very, very well. So now you see that warm air intuitive from inside. Try to go to the cold water side and Co. Wanna intuitive and also try to move to that more in from outside article inside. So this warm water. Try to go out the CO, CO.
Jin-Yi Yu: One models are go out and call it a try to go, come in. So they became the produce these waves emotion and this way motion is exactly okay here when this warm water meter cold water they produce a foundry. That's our whole friend. And then when this
Jin-Yi Yu: One water comes into me the quarter here on this side. He produced one friend. So all these phenomena in this in this note taking Kanga kairos be
Jin-Yi Yu: Performed in this experiment is Munich resemble our winter storm system. So this one pro that the reason we have winter storm in meter, it is because we have
Jin-Yi Yu: Co heir to the nose and warm air to the cells and promised us keep on notation know Katie and then as a result. These two factor. We're going to use these severe weather phenomena.
Jin-Yi Yu: And then after you produce this severe weather phenomena, what you expect to see you expect to see that.
Jin-Yi Yu: Here have to
Jin-Yi Yu: Expect
Jin-Yi Yu: You expect that
Jin-Yi Yu: In WE ARE is the equator.
Jin-Yi Yu: Is a north pole is the South Pole is no such as Australia Africa here then we expect that
Jin-Yi Yu: All these windows Tondo pressure was on from coal from low prices one phone call, no passion one phone call low pressure is one phone call from should be moving from west to east
Jin-Yi Yu: In the McCarthy region. So the
Jin-Yi Yu: Last time
Jin-Yi Yu: We expect to have all these weather Miss Australia. Here he has here so we expect to have all these no pressure moving, moving from west to east
Jin-Yi Yu: Kilometer the region 17 in Australia and New Zealand or with a saucer MY CAR TO ATTRACT A and then to Africa right we supposed to see that. But we live in the United States. We didn't see all the windows Tom cross from
Jin-Yi Yu: West Coast to Rocky Mountain and then go to to the southern part of the, the interesting, actually, all that stuff in the United States. They move from
Jin-Yi Yu: Here to here to here in from Canada here to hear about our creeper going this way or cornice only in
Jin-Yi Yu: Southern Hemisphere. Now,
Jin-Yi Yu: You can see exactly when to start to move
Jin-Yi Yu: west to east, but in the northern hemisphere, the windows down to now move purely just in the west to east. And the reason is because in the Northern Hemisphere, we have
Jin-Yi Yu: To we have that in the northern hemisphere southern hemisphere does not have. We have been mountain, we have to pay Pato here in Asia. We have Rocky Mountain here in North America.
Jin-Yi Yu: They are so high among them, they interfere with the air motion. So you will produce a way to push the jet stream to move in this direction. Push the gesture in the moon act this way.
Jin-Yi Yu: This way.
Jin-Yi Yu: And all these gesturing is going to bring all these low pressure low pressure low pressure is going to follow that question.
Jin-Yi Yu: Borrow history protest politician an N or come to the north eastern part of the United States, Boston, New York City. That's why because
Jin-Yi Yu: We have this cookie monster today pattern and rocky mountain to interrupt our don't offer a suggestion become moving in this white arrow, but in the southern hemisphere.
Jin-Yi Yu: The gesturing because not big mountain. So the strong wind just always go from west to east. So in the Southern Hemisphere winter storm is most recording zone only across from west to east, but in the United States. They look differently.
Jin-Yi Yu: And that's why we are going to explain it. I see. That's why here.
Jin-Yi Yu: He tell you that we have this, the United States. So we have to chance to just remains very, very strong with right in a common spear. I assume all of you know what is just trim. So we have to be tested.
Jin-Yi Yu: One is coming is cost subtropical to stream coming from how I that's why he's gesturing is called Pineapple Express anytime we have severe weather coming from
Jin-Yi Yu: Hawaii region we call Pineapple Express, but most of our time. We have that were coming to the West Coast of the United States from our use an iPad. Right. This is called polar gesturing. And these two gesture is.
Jin-Yi Yu: Going to we're separate from each other and West Coast of the United States, but when they come to the eastern side in United States they meet each other and that's why
Jin-Yi Yu: These two gesturing will keep on green or the word or whether come to the north eastern part of United States. Okay, we'll come to that later.
Jin-Yi Yu: So that's why I'm here to you, although it's not because gesturing coming this way.
Jin-Yi Yu: Let me change it to Dr. Karen.
Jin-Yi Yu: Progesterone coming this week as why produce windows down from Canada, come to the United States call our product creeper. And then we also have a chance to incoming fire how I
Jin-Yi Yu: Right, and that's why I bring it will organist on front Colorado to the New England area is sometimes these subtropical gesturing may move more to the south.
Jin-Yi Yu: To the Gulf Stream cover medical or Eastern side in the winter storm will also move this way and that's why in the United States.
Jin-Yi Yu: If you look at the winter weather activity in the eastern part United States. They always coming from mystery area that's because of the location of the gestured
Jin-Yi Yu: Now let's move on to
Jin-Yi Yu: The second part. So that's where we care about temperature because temperature. Keep the foundation to for this winter storm to develop because what will
Jin-Yi Yu: Happen. We have low pressure, no pressure is putting more different temperature a fun loss to meet different temperature from the south and produce on Franco from so but everything in order to whether we need to have a low pressure system. So in the second
Jin-Yi Yu: Property, we need to know from our chemistry is pressure
Jin-Yi Yu: So again, what is a physical meaning of
Jin-Yi Yu: Have the pleasure.
Jin-Yi Yu: So, temperature, the physical meaning of temperature is energy associated with a monitor and the pressure, the physical meaning is the weight of our commerce be on top of your head. So for example, if you're standing here.
Jin-Yi Yu: You measure the pressure in this location and you met your value Nibiru say 1000 minibar. What does that mean that means the atmosphere on top of you or is an air on top of you in the one square meter area not total amount of air if you made your is oil that way is called pressure
Jin-Yi Yu: Right. So based on this concept we move to the top of the Neary top of the Rocky Mountain here. If we could move to Denver.
Jin-Yi Yu: Right because temple is higher above sea level. So a mango. A above you.
Jin-Yi Yu: Is the way is shorter. The column or a above you is much shorter compared when you're standing on a corner. So the pressure on tember is always low than the pressure near the city located in the US see them right so the pressure basically tell you
Jin-Yi Yu: The weight of a cardinal air above your head.
Jin-Yi Yu: Now we are now the unit of pressure.
Jin-Yi Yu: Is always call me back. Right. So this is the one I'm meteorologist used
Jin-Yi Yu: For a reason. So what does meanie means
Jin-Yi Yu: Is the official unit to describe the pressure. What is one part one, part is 100 soldered Newton. Newton force acting on a surface or one square meter area and this is
Jin-Yi Yu: Equal to one so 100,000 Pascal here as Internet International Union means if we started feelings and we want to describe the force that the unit of force. Is Newton right
Jin-Yi Yu: And not newton force put on a square meter area that unit is called Pascal right but meteorology, find out of most of this weather map. Now, we try to look
Jin-Yi Yu: For example, is the United States. You can find out the pressure distribution over the United States. Then we find out this pressure value from here.
Jin-Yi Yu: From this point.
Jin-Yi Yu: To this point to this point they change the value chain is 100,000 Pascal and then 990 900 hundred hungry and that in 1000 Pascal. And so we always
Jin-Yi Yu: Repeating the last 200 value, so there's no need to be present these 200 value. So we put 100 Pascal together to define as a new unit. This new unit is called How to Cope Pascal have a core skill means one had one how when have a go Pascal.
Jin-Yi Yu: Is mean 103 Pascal and then 100 a skill is what we call one minute back. So if we do that, then our atmospheric pressure, instead of
Jin-Yi Yu: Saying, our atmosphere total amount of pressure. You mentioned on a surface is close to instead of saying it is closed 100,000 Pascal, we just really cracked the last two, zero and we scored
Jin-Yi Yu: 1000 minimum. Okay, so we are going to use minibar all the time. So this class musty, you only to describe the pressure
Jin-Yi Yu: So because the pressure means the weight of our atmosphere. So the instrument we use to measure pressure is we just put a potential here.
Jin-Yi Yu: A vacuum chamber and we put more and more pressure more air above his chamber is going to push
Jin-Yi Yu: This champion become smarter when you've got pushed to become a smaller than this brain is going to connect to this this arm and push this over.
Jin-Yi Yu: To point to have. And so the pressure become global no pressure, then the force to push these champions smarter. So these champions going to go up right when you go up.
Jin-Yi Yu: Go up, then go up a new point or low vibe. And that's the way we measure the pressure. Okay. So the key thing is that the reason we want to final pressure value is
Jin-Yi Yu: By compare pressure at one location to pressure at the location we know where is no pressure, which is the high pressure and we do the weather forecasting look at is where I'm at. So here
Jin-Yi Yu: Is until you or pressure here is around 984 minibar here and then increase outside become 990 and
Jin-Yi Yu: Become 1000 and become 1000 and a minibar and he'll come to be southwestern part of the United States 101,000 plenty money back.
Jin-Yi Yu: Right by looking a lot of value, we can say this is low pressure. So I put a low L here, and I know this is the higher pressure. So I put an edge here. So, based on this pressure distribution, I can say this area is going to have clear sky.
Jin-Yi Yu: No rain.
Jin-Yi Yu: And very weak when
Jin-Yi Yu: Here and based on the location of this low pressure. I know all the weather is going to happen here.
Jin-Yi Yu: But in order to get say more about what kind of weather. We're going to encounter in this eastern part of the United States, we need to do the next thing we need to decide where Nicole from is located where
Jin-Yi Yu: That one one is located in Otter at the subway or a woman co founder created and I can say we're gonna have some the storm tornado. Here we're kind of freezing rain here, right. So that's why pressure is important.
Jin-Yi Yu: It tells us where the, where the system is going to happen. So
Jin-Yi Yu: The first. So as I said when we talk about temperature, we want to find out how temperature change with high quality sourdough now we have some the stone.
Jin-Yi Yu: Or car then second, we need to look at temperature distribution in the north, south of Russia because that critical to produce co found one from now, what will get a pressure we want to look at a pressure value.
Jin-Yi Yu: To decide where the high pressure is located where low pressure. Okay. Then the second thing we want to know is how pressure change with space in space in x direction or in white direction. So here, look at him, and when this pressure change with our moderation. This is called
Jin-Yi Yu: Pressure
Jin-Yi Yu: Gradient.
Jin-Yi Yu: And pressure gradient tell us where we have strong when
Jin-Yi Yu: All week. Okay. So, for example, look at this map you can see this one pressure decrease very quickly. That's why they are night is break complicated and here the pressure line is separate from each other in the Bay Area. So, in this area, the pressure gradient
Jin-Yi Yu: The pressure change we space is very small.
Jin-Yi Yu: So we have very weak when
Jin-Yi Yu: That's what I can tell, this is cool weather and very weak when a here, low pressure, you can see that all this pressure is very change very quickly.
Jin-Yi Yu: All this pressure may get close to each other. So pressure change in the horizontal direction is very large. When is that is going to produce strong when
Jin-Yi Yu: In strongly is going to produce the severe weather cape. So that's why the pressure are important in two way we want to use the absolute value or pressure to find out where we have low pressure and high pressure. Second, we need to know how pressure
Jin-Yi Yu: Gradient.
Jin-Yi Yu: Look like to find out how know when
Jin-Yi Yu: Direction and wispy look like okay, I'm going to stop here by just looking at explain a bit about the speaker.
Jin-Yi Yu: So here you can see
Jin-Yi Yu: The pressure gradient is defined as a project difference between two point here, for example, point one endpoint to endpoint one record from x is only showing. So we use x two minus x one.
Jin-Yi Yu: X two minus x on the distance is 1100 meter and pressure should be P two minus P one
Jin-Yi Yu: The pressure point two is 1060 minute and pressure point one is
Jin-Yi Yu: 1020 so he caught a pressure grading equal to minus for me.
Jin-Yi Yu: Very over 100 kilometer. So we got the site tell you the pressure is going this way or going where it is going this way or that way. But in order to find out the cost on one is you can see that
Jin-Yi Yu: This night change to this nice always going on one side and 24th 1016 or a minibar defense but in this location.
Jin-Yi Yu: You can see this me
Jin-Yi Yu: Change.
Jin-Yi Yu: Decrease happen very quickly. But in this area also a meaningful difference between these two nine but he's aiming change happen a very large area. So when pressure change over big area, then the pressure gradient is smoke.
Jin-Yi Yu: When pressure change happening. The British of distance, then the pressure quality is large.
Jin-Yi Yu: And that's why we know by looking at least my mind pattern we can say this area we have peer pressure gradient in this area, we have small pressure media. So we have strong wind here.
Jin-Yi Yu: And we have week would hear. Okay, so that's why when we look at the pressure we care about is to sing. Okay, I'm gonna stop here in beginning from the
Jin-Yi Yu: Beginning from so say I'm going to just a pre recording everything and then post on my on the web cast website. Anyone has any question.
Jin-Yi Yu: Now, okay, then
Jin-Yi Yu: Thank you very much.
Liliana Hernandez: I had a quick question.
Liliana Hernandez: Yes, please. Um, well I downloaded the lecture to follow along. But I see like the last slightly. You just put up. I don't see it on lecture one
Liliana Hernandez: What are the different or
Jin-Yi Yu: New journey.
Jin-Yi Yu: Before the lecture. I also cost me my PowerPoint and every year actually at the PowerPoint before my doctrine and updating
Jin-Yi Yu: The PDF file on a website up to the production. So they will be slightly different. But basically the same. And I will update a voucher after the update repeat the PowerPoint file on the website after that.
Liliana Hernandez: Okay. Sounds good.
Liliana Hernandez: Thank you.
Jin-Yi Yu: Any other question.
Liliana Hernandez: No.
Jin-Yi Yu: Okay then. Thank you very much and please go to the website to
Jin-Yi Yu: Watch the lecture on Thursday. Thank you. Bye everybody.