qResidence Time: The longer it takes the air to cross the lake, more water vapor can be evaporated into the air and
produce stronger lake-effect
snowstorm.
qTopography: Rough topography at the downwind side of lake can increase surface friction, increase downwind
convergence, and leave
to stronger lake-effect snowstorm.
qIce Cover: It can shut off the lake-effect by stopping the transfer of heat and water vapor from lathes to the air.