<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="6.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Primeau, F. W.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Newman, D.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bifurcation structure of a wind-driven shallow water model with layer-outcropping</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ocean Modelling</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ocean Model.</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2-layer</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">boundary</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">double-gyre circulation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">gulf-stream</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">kuroshio</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">low-frequency variability</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">multiple equilibria</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">north-atlantic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ocean circulation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Primeau Modeling Lab</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">thermocline</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pub/703</style></url></web-urls></urls><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3-4</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">250-263</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1463-5003</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;The steady state bifurcation structure of the double-gyre wind-driven ocean circulation is examined in a shallow water model where the upper layer is allowed to outcrop at the sea surface. In addition to the classical jet-up and jet-down multiple equilibria, we find a new regime in which one of the equilibrium solutions has a large outcropping region in the subpolar gyre. Time dependent simulations show that the outcropping solution equilibrates to a stable periodic orbit with a period of 8 months. Co-existing with the periodic solution is a stable steady state solution without outcropping. A numerical scheme that has the unique advantage of being differentiable while still allowing layers to outcrop at the sea surface is used for the analysis. In contrast, standard schemes for solving layered models with outcropping are non-differentiable and have an ill-defined Jacobian making them unsuitable for solution using Newton's method. As such, our new scheme expands the applicability of numerical bifurcation techniques to an important class of ocean models whose bifurcation structure had hitherto remained unexplored. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Article</style></work-type><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI:000245180200006</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;ISI Document Delivery No.: 149XMTimes Cited: 0Cited Reference Count: 45Cited References:      AMESTOY PR, 2001, SIAM J MATRIX ANAL A, V23, P15     ARAKAWA A, 1977, METHODS COMPUTATIONA, V17, P174     ARNOLD VI, 1992, CATASTROPHE THEORY     BERLOFF P, 1998, J MAR RES, V56, P937     BERLOFF PS, 1997, J MAR RES, V55, P407     BLECK R, 1992, J PHYS OCEANOGR, V22, P1486     CESSI P, 1995, J PHYS OCEANOGR, V25, P1196     CHANG KI, 2001, J PHYS OCEANOGR, V31, P1260     CHASSIGNET EP, 1993, J PHYS OCEANOGR, V23, P1485     CHASSIGNET EP, 2000, DYNAM ATMOS OCEANS, V32, P155     DIJKSTRA HA, 1997, GEOPHYS ASTRO FLUID, V85, P195     DIJKSTRA HA, 1999, J MAR RES, V57, P1     DIJKSTRA HA, 2005, J PHYS OCEANOGR, V35, P933     DIJKSTRA HA, 2005, REV GEOPHYS, V43     HALLBERG R, 1996, J PHYS OCEANOGR, V26, P913     HOGG AM, 2005, J PHYS OCEANOGR, V35, P512     HSU YJG, 1990, MON WEATHER REV, V118, P1933     IERLEY GR, 1995, J MAR RES, V53, P703     JIANG S, 1995, J PHYS OCEANOGR, V25, P764     KELLER HB, 1977, APPL BIFURCATION THE     KELLY CT, 2003, SIAM FUNDAMENTALS AL, P104     LEHOUCQ RB, 1998, ARPACK USERS GUIDE S     LUYTEN JR, 1983, J PHYS OCEANOGR, V13, P292     MCCALPIN JD, 1996, J PHYS OCEANOGR, V26, P739     NADIGA BT, 2001, J PHYS OCEANOGR, V31, P2669     NAUW JJ, 2001, J MAR RES, V59, P567     PARSONS AT, 1969, J FLUID MECH, V39, P511     PEDLOSKY J, 1996, OCEAN CIRCULATION TH     PRIMEAU F, 2002, J PHYS OCEANOGR, V32, P2236     PRIMEAU F, 2006, UNPUB J PHYS OCEANOG     PRIMEAU FW, 1998, J PHYS OCEANOGR, V28, P2130     PRIMEAU FW, 1998, THESIS MIT CAMBRIDGE     QIU B, 2005, J PHYS OCEANOGR, V35, P2090     SALMON R, 2002, J MAR RES, V60, P605     SCHMEITS MJ, 2000, J PHYS OCEANOGR, V30, P1967     SCHMEITS MJ, 2001, J PHYS OCEANOGR, V31, P2971     SCHMEITS MJ, 2001, J PHYS OCEANOGR, V31, P3435     SCHMEITS MJ, 2002, J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS, V107, ARTN 3235     SCOTT RB, 1998, J MAR RES, V56, P1225     SIMONNET E, 2003, J PHYS OCEANOGR, V33, P712     SIMONNET E, 2003, J PHYS OCEANOGR, V33, P729     SIMONNET E, 2005, J PHYS OCEANOGR, V35, P2268     SPEICH S, 1995, NONLINEAR PROC GEOPH, V2, P241     STOMMEL H, 1961, TELLUS, V13, P224     VERONIS G, 1973, J MARKETING RES, V31, P228Primeau, Francois W. Newman, DavidElsevier sci ltdOxford&lt;/p&gt;</style></notes><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Comp Sci, Irvine, CA 92717 USA.Primeau, FW, Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, 3816 Croul Hall, Irvine, CA 92697 USA.fprimeau@uci.edu&lt;/p&gt;</style></auth-address></record></records></xml>