<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="6.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pataki, D. E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alig, R. J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fung, A. S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Golubiewski, N. E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kennedy, C. A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">McPherson, E. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nowak, D. J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pouyat, R. V.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lankao, P. R.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Urban ecosystems and the North American carbon cycle</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Global Change Biology</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Glob. Change Biol.</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">area changes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">canadian cities</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CO2 emissions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ecological-systems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">global carbon cycle</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">heat-island</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">hong-kong</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">long-term</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">shade trees</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">surface-energy balance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">united-states</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">urban ecology</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11/2006</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pub/685</style></url></web-urls></urls><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2092-2102</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1354-1013</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Approximately 75-80% of the population of North America currently lives in urban areas as defined by national census bureaus, and urbanization is continuing to increase. Future trajectories of fossil fuel emissions are associated with a high degree of uncertainty; however, if the activities of urban residents and the rate of urban land conversion can be captured in urban systems models, plausible emissions scenarios from major cities may be generated. Integrated land use and transportation models that simulate energy use and traffic-related emissions are already in place in many North American cities. To these can be added a growing dataset of carbon gains and losses in vegetation and soils following urbanization, and a number of methods of validating urban carbon balance modeling, including top down atmospheric monitoring and urban 'metabolic' studies of whole ecosystem mass and energy flow. Here, we review the state of our understanding of urban areas as whole ecosystems with regard to carbon balance, including both drivers of fossil fuel emissions and carbon cycling in urban plants and soils. Interdisciplinary, whole-ecosystem studies of the socioeconomic and biophysical factors that influence urban carbon cycles in a range of cities may greatly contribute to improving scenarios of future carbon balance at both continental and global scales.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Review</style></work-type><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI:000241242400007</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;ISI Document Delivery No.: 094MBTimes Cited: 25Cited Reference Count: 91Cited References:      *CEC, 2001, N AM MOS STAT ENV RE     *CHART I WAST MAN, 2002, RES FLOW EC FOOTPR A     *IPCC, 2001, CLIM CHANG 2001 SCI     *NAHB, 2005, HOUS FACTS FIG TREND     *UN HAB, 2003, GLOB OBVS DAT     *UN, 2002, DEM YB     *UN, 2004, WORLD POP MON 2003     *UN, 2004, WORLD URB PROSP 2003     *US DEP EN, 2004, IND EN INT US     *US EPA, 2000, PROJ LAND US CHANG S     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E. Alig, R. J. Fung, A. S. Golubiewski, N. E. Kennedy, C. A. McPherson, E. G. Nowak, D. J. Pouyat, R. V. Lankao, P. RomeroBlackwell publishingOxford&lt;/p&gt;</style></notes><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Ecol &amp;amp; Evolut Biol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Ryerson Univ, Dept Mech &amp;amp; Ind Engn, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada. New Zealand Ctr Ecol Econ, Palmerston North, New Zealand. Univ Toronto, Dept Civil Engn, Toronto, ON M5S 1A4, Canada. Univ Calif Davis, USDA, US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn,Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. SUNY Syracuse, ESF, USDA, US Forest Serv,NW Res Stn, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, Baltimore Ecosyst Studies, Baltimore, MD 21227 USA. UAM Xochimilco, Depto Polit &amp;amp; Cultura, Mexico City 04960, DF, Mexico.Pataki, DE, Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA.dpataki@uci.edu&lt;/p&gt;</style></auth-address></record></records></xml>