<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="6.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Goulden, M. L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Litvak, M. E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Miller, S. D.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Factors that control Typha marsh evapotranspiration</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aquatic Botany</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aquat. Bot.</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">atmosphere</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">canopy conductance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">carbon-dioxide exchange</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cattail</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eddy covariance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eddy-covariance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">evaporation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">grassland</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">latifolia l</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">micrometeorological methods</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mulch</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scirpus californicus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">transpiration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tule marsh</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Typha latifolia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">vegetation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water balance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">wetland</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">02/2007</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pub/670</style></url></web-urls></urls><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">86</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">97-106</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0304-3770</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;There is continuing debate about the controls on wetland evapotranspiration (E-t) and whether marshes are profligate water users. We used eddy covariance to measure the CO2 exchange and E-t by a California Tule marsh in 2003. The marsh was dominated by Typha and Scirpus, and there was a large amount of standing litter that acted as a mulch. Canopy development was broadly related to air temperature, with rapid growth in May and senescence in October. E-t was a few tenths of a mm d(-1) in winter, and 3-4 mm d(-1) in summer. The midsummer Bowen ratio was similar to 1, and the annual E, was 49 cm. The peak rate of E-t was lower than has been reported for marshes based on lysimeter studies, somewhat lower than has been reported for marshes based on micrometeorological studies, and equivalent to, or somewhat lower than, has been reported for upland grassland. The midsummer water use efficiency was 0.0025 mol CO2 mol(-1) H2O, and the delta C-13 of foliage was -27.1 parts per thousand, which are both typical for productive C-3 ecosystems. Transpiration accounted for 80% of total E-t Evaporation from water standing beneath the canopy and mulch layer was only a minor component of the marsh's hydrological budget. The low rate of evaporation from standing water was a result of cool water temperatures, which remained within a few degrees of the nocturnal minimum on most days. We believe the mulch layer acted in a way analogous to an electrical diode that allowed the upward loss of heat from the water to the atmosphere at night, and shut off the flux of heat from the atmosphere to the water during daytime. resulting in cool subcanopy water and low rates of evaporation. Our observations are inconsistent with the hypothesis that Tule marshes are inefficient water users, or that their rates of transpiration and CO2 uptake are unusual compared to upland ecosystems. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Article</style></work-type><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI:000243823000001</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;ISI Document Delivery No.: 130TXTimes Cited: 5Cited Reference Count: 47Cited References:      ACREMAN MC, 2003, HYDROL EARTH SYST SC, V7, P11     ALLEN LH, 1997, SOIL CROP SCI SOC FL, V56, P1     BALDOCCHI DD, 1988, ECOLOGY, V69, P1331     BARBOUR MG, 1988, TERRESTRIAL VEGETATI     BERNATOWICZ S, 1976, AQUAT BOT, V2, P275     BRADBURY IK, 1983, ECOSYSTEMS WORLD A, V4, P285     BURBA GG, 1999, AGR FOREST METEOROL, V94, P31     CAMPBELL GS, 1998, INTRO ENV BIOPHYS     CRUNDWELL ME, 1986, REV HYDROBIOLOGIE TR, V19, P215     DREXLER JZ, 2004, HYDROL PROCESS, V18, P2071, DOI 10.1002/hyp.1462     GOULDEN ML, IN PRESS J GEOPHYS R, V111, UNSP D08S04     GOULDEN ML, 1996, GLOB CHANGE BIOL, V2, P169     GOULDEN ML, 1997, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V102, P28987     GRACE JB, 1986, CAN J PLANT SCI, V66, P361     HASLAM SM, 1971, J ECOL, V59, P75     HERBST M, 1999, AQUAT BOT, V63, P113     HOLLINGER DY, 1994, ECOLOGY, V75, P134     IDSO SB, 1988, AQUAT BOT, V31, P191     JARVIS PG, 1986, ADV ECOL RES, V15, P1     JONES CG, 1994, OIKOS, V69, P373     JONES HG, 1992, PLANTS MICROCLIMATE     KELLIHER FM, 1993, OECOLOGIA, V95, P153     KROLIKOWSKA J, 1998, PRODUCTION ECOLOGY W     KUCHLER AW, 1964, POTENTIAL NATURAL VE     LAFLEUR PM, 1990, AQUAT BOT, V37, P341     LAW BE, 2002, AGR FOREST METEOROL, V113, P97     LINACRE ET, 1970, AGR METEOROLOGY, V7, P375     LINACRE ET, 1976, VEGETATION ATMOSPHER, V2, P329     MAHRT L, 1998, J ATMOS OCEAN TECH, V15, P416     MASON HL, 1957, FLORA MARSHES CALIFO     MCNAUGHTON SJ, 1966, ECOL MONOGR, V36, P297     NOVAK MD, 2000, AGR FOREST METEOROL, V102, P155     OTIS CH, 1914, BOT GAZ, V58, P457     PAULIUKONIS N, 2001, AQUAT BOT, V71, P35     PRICE JS, 1994, AQUAT BOT, V48, P261     RIJKS DA, 1969, Q J ROY METEOR SOC, V95, P643     ROCHA AV, 2007, J GEOPHYS RES BIOGEO     SAWYER JO, 1995, MANUAL CALIFORNIA VE     SCHMID HP, 2002, AGR FOREST METEOROL, V113, P159     SCHOENHERR AA, 1992, NATURAL HIST CALIFOR     SNYDER RL, 1987, AQUAT BOT, V27, P217     SOUCH C, 1996, J HYDROL, V184, P189     TWINE TE, 2000, AGR FOREST METEOROL, V103, P279     WETZEL RG, 2001, LIMNOLOGY LAKE RIVER     WOFSY SC, 1993, SCIENCE, V260, P1314     WONG SC, 1979, NATURE, V282, P424     XU LK, 2004, AGR FOREST METEOROL, V123, P79, DOI     10.1016/j.agrformet.2003.10.004Goulden, Michael L. Litvak, Marcy Miller, Scott D.Elsevier science bvAmsterdam&lt;/p&gt;</style></notes><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA.Goulden, ML, Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA.mgoulden@uci.edu&lt;/p&gt;</style></auth-address></record></records></xml>