<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="6.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Strong, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Magnusdottir, G.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tropospheric Rossby wave breaking and the NAO/NAM</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J. Atmos. Sci.</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1000</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">annular</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">arctic oscillation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">circulation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">climatology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Content Type: Biblio</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">critical layer</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">life-cycles</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Magnusdottir Modeling Lab</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">modes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">north-atlantic oscillation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">reflection</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tropopause</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">variability</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sep</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;Go to ISI&gt;://000259378800006</style></url></web-urls></urls><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">65</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2861-2876</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0022-4928</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Objective analysis of several hundred thousand anticyclonic and cyclonic breaking Rossby waves is performed for the Northern Hemisphere (NH) winters of 1958-2006. A winter climatology of both anticyclonic and cyclonic Rossby wave breaking (RWB) frequency and size (zonal extent) is presented for the 350-K isentropic surface over the NH, and the spatial distribution of RWB is shown to agree with theoretical ideas of RWB in shear flow. Composites of the two types of RWB reveal their characteristic sea level pressure anomalies, upper-and lower-tropospheric velocity fields, and forcing of the upper-tropospheric zonal flow. It is shown how these signatures project onto the centers of action and force the velocity patterns associated with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and Northern Hemisphere annular mode (NAM). Previous studies have presented evidence that anticyclonic (cyclonic) breaking leads to the positive (negative) polarity of the NAO, and this relationship is confirmed for RWB over the midlatitudes centered near 50 N. However, an opposite and statistically significant relationship, in which cyclonic RWB forces the positive NAO and anticyclonic RWB forces the negative NAO, is shown over regions 20 to the north and south, centered at 70 and 30 N, respectively. On a winter mean basis, the frequency of RWB over objectively defined regions covering 12% of the area of the NH accounts for 95% of the NAO index and 92% of the NAM index. A 6-hourly analysis of all the winters indicates that RWB over the objectively defined regions affects the NAO/NAM without a time lag. Details of the objective wave-breaking analysis method are provided in the appendix.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Article</style></work-type><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI:000259378800006</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;ISI Document Delivery No.: 350UOTimes Cited: 14Cited Reference Count: 29Cited References:      ABATZOGLOU JT, 2006, J ATMOS SCI, V63, P3448     ABATZOGLOU JT, 2006, J CLIMATE, V19, P6139     AMBAUM MHP, 2001, J CLIMATE, V14, P3495     AUSTIN PC, 2004, AM STAT, V58, P131, DOI 10.1198/0003130043277     BENEDICT JJ, 2004, J ATMOS SCI, V61, P121     DESER C, 2000, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V27, P779     ESLER JG, 1999, J ATMOS SCI, V56, P4014     HARTMANN DL, 1998, J ATMOS SCI, V55, P297     HAYNES PH, 1989, J FLUID MECH, V207, P231     HITCHMAN MH, 2007, J ATMOS SCI, V64, P1922, DOI 10.1175/JAS3927.1     HOSKINS BJ, 1983, J ATMOS SCI, V40, P1595     KIDSON JW, 1999, J ATMOS SCI, V56, P3859     KILLWORTH PD, 1985, J FLUID MECH, V161, P449     LEOPARDI P, 2006, ELECTRON T NUMER ANA, V25, P309     MAGNUSDOTTIR G, 1996, J ATMOS SCI, V53, P2317     MARTIUS O, 2007, J ATMOS SCI, V64, P2576, DOI 10.1175/JAS3977.1     MCINTYRE ME, 1985, PURE APPL GEOPHYS, V123, P964     RANDEL WJ, 1991, J ATMOS SCI, V48, P688     RIVIERE G, 2007, J ATMOS SCI, V64, P241, DOI 10.1175/JAS3850.1     STRONG C, 2007, Q J ROY METEOR SOC B, V133, P2109, DOI 10.1002/qj.171     STRONG C, 2008, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V35, DOI 10.1029/2008GL033578     THORNCROFT CD, 1993, Q J ROY METEOR SOC, V119, P17     VALLIS GK, 2004, J ATMOS SCI, V61, P264     WALKER CC, 2002, J ATMOS SCI, V59, P2846     WALKER CC, 2003, J ATMOS SCI, V60, P279     WAUGH DW, 2000, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V27, P3857     WERNLI H, 2007, J ATMOS SCI, V64, P1569, DOI 10.1175/JAS3912.1     WITTMAN MAH, 2005, J CLIMATE, V18, P2119     WOOLLINGS T, 2008, J ATMOS SCI, V65, P609, DOI 10.1175/2007JAS2347.1Strong, Courtenay Magnusdottir, GudrunAmer meteorological socBoston&lt;/p&gt;</style></notes><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;[Strong, Courtenay; Magnusdottir, Gudrun] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA.Strong, C, Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA.cstrong@uci.edu&lt;/p&gt;</style></auth-address></record></records></xml>