<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="6.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Magnusdottir, G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Walker, C. C.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">On the effects of the Hadley circulation and westerly equatorial flow on planetary-wave reflection</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc.</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1000</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">barotropic atmosphere</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Content Type: Biblio</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">equatorial flow</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">hadley circulation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">layers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Magnusdottir Modeling Lab</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nonlinear reflection</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">planetary waves</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">propagation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rossby-wave</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">stationary waves</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">westerly</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oct</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;Go to ISI&gt;://000165170600006</style></url></web-urls></urls><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">569</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">126</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2725-2745</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0035-9009</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;The nonlinear behaviour of quasi-stationary planetary waves that are excited by mid-latitude orographic forcing is considered in a global shallow-water model taken to represent the upper troposphere. The waves propagate toward low latitudes where the background flow is normally weak and the waves are therefore likely to break. Nonlinear pseudomomentum conservation relations are used to quantify the absorption-reflection behaviour of the wave-breaking region. Two different flow scenarios are represented: (i) initial states without a representation of the Hadley circulation, but where the axisymmetric equatorial background flow changes from being weak and easterly to moderate Westerly; (ii) initial states that include a representation of the Hadley circulation and that have weak equatorial easterlies. Based on linear arguments, both (i) and (ii) are expected to influence the progression of the wave train. The nonlinear behaviour in the presence of low-latitude westerly background flows is different from linear predictions. For large-amplitude forcing, wave breaking takes place even though there is no zero-wind line in the initial state, and the cross-equatorial wave propagation that took place for small-amplitude forcing is stopped before it can reach the equator. Nonlinear reflection is found to take place back into the hemisphere of origin but not across to the other hemisphere. In the presence of a Hadley circulation representative of winter conditions, the nonlinear reflection takes longer to get established, i.e. it requires more forcing, but a reflected wave train is still present in the numerical simulations, both for a longitudinally symmetric forcing and for the more realistic case of an isolated forcing. A summer Hadley circulation allows wave activity to get to the winter hemisphere. As the forcing is increased, wave breaking occurs and eventually nonlinear reflection.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Article</style></work-type><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI:000165170600006</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;ISI Document Delivery No.: 371GNTimes Cited: 7Cited Reference Count: 25Cited References:      BRANSTATOR G, 1983, J ATMOS SCI, V40, P1689     BRANSTATOR G, 1992, J ATMOS SCI, V49, P1924     BRUNET G, 1996, J ATMOS SCI, V53, P482     EDMON HJ, 1980, J ATMOS SCI, V37, P2600     ESLER JG, 2000, J ATMOS SCI, V57, P1536     FULTON SR, 1985, MON WEATHER REV, V113, P647     GROSE WL, 1979, J ATMOS SCI, V36, P223     HAYNES PH, 1988, J ATMOS SCI, V45, P2352     HELD IM, 1985, J ATMOS SCI, V42, P2280     HELD IM, 1990, J ATMOS SCI, V47, P856     HOSKINS BJ, 1975, Q J R METEO, V101, P637     HOSKINS BJ, 1977, Q J ROY METEOR SOC, V103, P553     HOSKINS BJ, 1993, J ATMOS SCI, V50, P1661     HSU HH, 1990, J ATMOS SCI, V47, P823     KILADIS GN, 1992, MON WEATHER REV, V120, P1924     KILLWORTH PD, 1985, J FLUID MECH, V161, P449     MAGNUSDOTTIR G, 1996, J ATMOS SCI, V53, P2317     MAGNUSDOTTIR G, 1999, J ATMOS SCI, V56, P652     MIN W, 1997, NASATM97104606, V13     PLUMB RA, 1985, J ATMOS SCI, V42, P217     SCHNEIDER EK, 1984, J ATMOS SCI, V41, P2069     VANNESTE J, 1998, J ATMOS SCI, V55, P1063     WATTERSON IG, 1987, Q J ROY METEOR SOC, V113, P779     WAUGH DW, 1994, J ATMOS SCI, V51, P1401     WEBSTER PJ, 1982, J ATMOS SCI, V39, P722Royal meteorological socReadingPart A&lt;/p&gt;</style></notes><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA.Magnusdottir, G, Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, 220 Rowland Hall, Irvine, CA 92697 USA.&lt;/p&gt;</style></auth-address></record></records></xml>