<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="6.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mahowald, N. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kloster, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Engelstaedter, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moore, J. K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mukhopadhyay, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">McConnell, J. R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Albani, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Doney, S. C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bhattacharya, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Curran, M. A. J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Flanner, M. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hoffman, F. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lawrence, D. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lindsay, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mayewski, P. A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neff, J. C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rothenberg, D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thomas, E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thornton, P. E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zender, C. S.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Observed 20th century desert dust variability: impact on climate and biogeochemistry</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Atmos. Chem. Phys.</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">african dust</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">atmospheric mineral aerosols</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">carbon-dioxide</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">general-circulation model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ice core</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">interannual variability</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">land-use</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">north-atlantic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">records</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">relative importance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">upper ocean</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10875-10893</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1680-7316</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Desert dust perturbs climate by directly and indirectly interacting with incoming solar and outgoing long wave radiation, thereby changing precipitation and temperature, in addition to modifying ocean and land biogeochemistry. While we know that desert dust is sensitive to perturbations in climate and human land use, previous studies have been unable to determine whether humans were increasing or decreasing desert dust in the global average. Here we present observational estimates of desert dust based on paleodata proxies showing a doubling of desert dust during the 20th century over much, but not all the globe. Large uncertainties remain in estimates of desert dust variability over 20th century due to limited data. Using these observational estimates of desert dust change in combination with ocean, atmosphere and land models, we calculate the net radiative effect of these observed changes (top of atmosphere) over the 20th century to be -0.14 +/- 0.11 W/m(2) (1990-1999 vs. 1905-1914). The estimated radiative change due to dust is especially strong between the heavily loaded 1980-1989 and the less heavily loaded 1955-1964 time periods (-0.57 +/- 0.46 W/m(2)), which model simulations suggest may have reduced the rate of temperature increase between these time periods by 0.11 degrees C. Model simulations also indicate strong regional shifts in precipitation and temperature from desert dust changes, causing 6 ppm (12 PgC) reduction in model carbon uptake by the terrestrial biosphere over the 20th century. Desert dust carries iron, an important micronutrient for ocean biogeochemistry that can modulate ocean carbon storage; here we show that dust deposition trends increase ocean productivity by an estimated 6% over the 20th century, drawing down an additional 4 ppm (8 PgC) of carbon dioxide into the oceans. Thus, perturbations to desert dust over the 20th century inferred from observations are potentially important for climate and biogeochemistry, and our understanding of these changes and their impacts should continue to be refined.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Article</style></work-type><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI:000284759500011</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;ISI Document Delivery No.: 687EGTimes Cited: 0Cited Reference Count: 98Cited References:      ALLAN R, 2006, J CLIMATE, V19, P5816     ANDERSEN KK, 1998, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V25, P2281     AUMONT O, 2008, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V35, ARTN L07607     BONAN GB, 2002, GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY, V16, ARTN 1021     BONFILS C, 2001, J CLIMATE, V14, P3724     BOYD PW, 2001, DEEP-SEA RES PT II, V48, P2425     BROHAN P, 2006, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V111, ARTN D12106     COLLINS WD, 2006, J CLIMATE, V19, 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GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V108, ARTN 4416     ZENDER CS, 2003, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V108, ARTN 4543Mahowald, N. M. Kloster, S. Engelstaedter, S. Moore, J. K. Mukhopadhyay, S. McConnell, J. R. Albani, S. Doney, S. C. Bhattacharya, A. Curran, M. A. J. Flanner, M. G. Hoffman, F. M. Lawrence, D. M. Lindsay, K. Mayewski, P. A. Neff, J. Rothenberg, D. Thomas, E. Thornton, P. E. Zender, C. S.NASA [NNG06G127G, NNX07AL80G]; NSF [NSF-0832782, 0932946, 0745961, OPP-0538427]; UK Natural Environment Research CouncilWe would like to acknowledge NASA grants NNG06G127G and NNX07AL80G, NSF grants NSF-0832782, 0932946, 0745961 and OPP-0538427, and the UK Natural Environment Research Council. These simulations were conducted at the National Center for Atmospheric Research, a National Science Foundation funded facility. Comments by Ron Miller improved the manuscript. We would like to thank three anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments.Copernicus gesellschaft mbhGottingen&lt;/p&gt;</style></notes><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;[Mahowald, N. M.; Kloster, S.; Engelstaedter, S.; Albani, S.; Rothenberg, D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Earth &amp;amp; Atmospher Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Moore, J. K.; Zender, C. S.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Mukhopadhyay, S.; Bhattacharya, A.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth &amp;amp; Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [McConnell, J. R.] Desert Res Inst, Div Hydrol Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Albani, S.] Univ Milano Bicocca, Dept Environm Sci, I-20126 Milan, Italy. [Doney, S. C.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Curran, M. A. J.] Australian Antarctic Div, Kingston, Tas 7050, Australia. [Curran, M. A. J.] Antarctic Climate &amp;amp; Ecosyst Cooperat Res Ctr, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. [Flanner, M. G.; Thornton, P. E.] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean &amp;amp; Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Hoffman, F. M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Earth Sci Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Lawrence, D. M.; Lindsay, K.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Climate &amp;amp; Global Dynam Div, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Mayewski, P. A.] Univ Maine, Climate Change Inst, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Neff, J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geosci, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Neff, J.] Univ Colorado, Environm Studies Program, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Thomas, E.] British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England.Mahowald, NM, Cornell Univ, Dept Earth &amp;amp; Atmospher Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.mahowald@cornell.edu&lt;/p&gt;</style></auth-address></record></records></xml>